COGNITIVE DISCOURSE PROCESSING IN ELDERLY POPULATIONS

老年人的认知话​​语处理

• 批准号: 3453514
• 负责人: SANDRA Bond CHAPMAN
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3453514
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; aphasia; cognition; concept; conditioning; data collection; dementia; depression; human old age (65+); human subject; human very old age (85+); informatics; interview; language; memory; model; neural information processing; psychological models; visual perception; visual stimulus

Language change in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and elderly individuals has been likened to that of patients with Wernicke's type aphasia (WAPH). Indeed, similar surface level manifestations of language change have been described for AD, WAPH and elderly population: The shared features of discourse change include reduced informativity, incoherence, tangentiality, and verbosity. This research seeks explanations for the similar surface disruptions of discourse across four diverse populations: Two neurologically impaired (AD and WAPH) and two normal elderly groups differing in age (55-70; OE 85-95 years). AD and aphasic subjects are of interest because of the converse relations in cognitive and linguistic abilities. The comparison between AD and elderly populations explores whether AD represents behaviorally an accelerated aging process. This research is guided by a discourse model which conceptualizes the complexity of discourse that is realized at multilevels of language and information structures and by various information handling processes. The investigation examines differential disruptions in aspects of informativity, coherence, information handling operations, and on standardized cognitive and linguistic measures. It is hypothesized that changes in informativity and coherence for OE subjects will mimic those observed in AD, however, the underlying mechanisms will differ. For both AD and OE, global organization structures of meaning (macrostructure) will be impaired. Contrastively, AD will manifest impairment in story structure by loss of essential information, whereas story structure will be relatively preserved for OE subjects. Similar to AD and OE, WAPH will show reduction in informativity and impaired coherence. Unlike either OE or AD, WAPH will show preservation of macrostructure and story structure and impairment of microstructures disrupted as a result of linguistic deficits. Theoretically, this research will provide insight into component processes which underlie communicative competence. Empirically, the study will provide valuable comparative data. Clinically, identification of the discourse profiles are necessary for development of diagnostic tools and intervention protocols. This proposed work adds a critical discourse evaluation at the ADRC at UTSWMCD.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)和老年人的语言改变 被比作韦尼克型失语症(WAPH)患者。 事实上，类似的语言变化的表面表现形式是 为AD、WAPH和老年人口描述：的共同特征 语篇变化包括信息性降低、语篇不连贯、 切题和冗长。这项研究试图解释为什么 在四个不同的人群中，类似的表面上的话语中断： 两个神经功能受损(AD和WAPH)组和两个正常老年组 年龄不同(55-70岁；OE 85-95岁)。AD和失语症主语是 兴趣是因为认知和语言上的逆向关系 超能力。阿尔茨海默病和老年人群的比较探索 阿尔茨海默病是否代表着行为上的加速衰老过程。这 研究是由话语模型指导的，该模型概念化了 话语的复杂性是在语言和语言的多个层面上实现的 信息结构和各种信息处理过程。 调查在以下几个方面检查了差异化中断 信息性、连贯性、信息处理操作等 标准化的认知和语言测量。据推测， OE受试者的信息性和连贯性的变化将模仿这些变化 然而，在AD中观察到的潜在机制将有所不同。对两个人都是 AD和OE，意义的全球组织结构(宏观结构) 都会受到损害。相比之下，AD会在故事中表现出损害 结构由于丢失了基本信息，而故事结构将 对OE受试者相对保留。与AD和OE类似，WAPH将 表现出信息性降低和连贯性受损。与任一OE不同 或AD，WAPH将显示宏观结构和故事结构的保存 以及由于语言障碍而导致的微结构损伤 赤字。从理论上讲，这项研究将为 构成交际能力基础的组成过程。 从经验上讲，这项研究将提供有价值的比较数据。 在临床上，话语轮廓的识别是必要的 开发诊断工具和干预方案。这 拟议的工作在ADRC增加了一项批判性话语评估，网址为 UTSWMCD。