Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Physical Training in Cognitively Nor

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• 批准号: 7829242
• 负责人: SANDRA Bond CHAPMAN
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7829242
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Aging-Related Process; Anisotropy; Area; Blood; Blood flow; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Clinical Trials; Cognition; Cognitive; Control Groups; Data; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Dose; Exercise; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Grant; Health; Hour; Human; Imaging technology; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Liquid substance; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Mind; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuropil; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Physical activity; Physiological; Population; Process; Psyche structure; Public Policy; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Research; Savings; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Structure; Syndrome; Task Performances; Training; Training Programs; Waiting Lists; Water; abstracting; base; brain volume; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive training; comparative; comparative effectiveness; cost; design; effectiveness research; executive function; fitness; frontal lobe; innovation; novel; policy implication; prevent; response; skills; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Physical Training in Cognitively Normal Seniors This application addresses broad Challenge Area (05) Comparative Effectiveness Research; 05-AG- 105* Comparative Intervention Trials for Diseases and Syndromes of Aging Including Neurodegenerative Diseases. Background: A significant potential exists to modify the structure and function of the aging human brain given intensive mental stimulation and physical activity. Age-related cognitive decline has consistently been identified on frontal lobe measures of executive control such as reasoning. Concomitantly, a greater vulnerability of frontal brain networks, which subserve executive control functions, has also been identified with aging. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential of reasoning training as well as physical training to modify and strengthen brain and cognitive function in seniors. Evidence from our lab indicates that frontally mediated, gist-based reasoning (defined as the ability to combine detail information to construct abstract meanings) offers a promising cognitive domain to train. Extracting gist meaning from the massive amount of incoming information is one of the most vital mental skills a healthy mind achieves. Purpose: This proposal is an innovative study to obtain data regarding the benefits of a (a) novel gist-based reasoning training program or (b) physical training on frontal-lobe mediated cognitive measures of executive control in cognitively normal seniors. The project will also employ newly developed (a) brain measures to chart changes in brain blood flow and connectivity combined with (b) a cognitive activation task specifically designed to measure brain regions engaged in gist reasoning versus detail processing. The project also examines shorter dose effects, i.e. after 6 weeks and 12 weeks, than previously examined as well as individual differences based on high and low performers for gist and physical training. Methods: 60 cognitively normal seniors between the ages of 60 and 75 years will be recruited for study and randomized into 1 of 3 groups. Each group will consist of 20 participants each: a reasoning-trained, a physical-trained and a wait-listed control group. Participants will be comprehensively screened to insure they are cognitively normal. Prior to intervention, participants' baseline gist and detail processing ability, battery of cognitive functions and fitness measures will be obtained. Structural and functional brain measures will also be obtained. Participants will undergo 12 weeks of gist-based training or physical training with measurement at midpoint, 6 weeks of training, endpoint 12 weeks of training and 4 weeks after training is completed. Training effects will be measured behaviorally in trained areas (reasoning & physical) and untrained cognitive areas. Additionally, structural and functional brain imaging will measure changes in cerebral blood flow, global and regional brain volume, white matter tracts, efficiency, activation patterns, and blood oxygenation with a particular focus on changes to frontal regions. Significance: The current study seeks to discover neuroprotective, nonpharmacological interventions that could prevent mental decline and strengthen cognitive brain health in seniors, with possible societal savings of billions of dollars. This will be one of the first training studies to explore short-term intensive reasoning and physical training, each documented as pivotal to cognitive brain health with the potential to strengthen frontal regions against the losses associated with aging. Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Exercise Training in Cognitively Normal Seniors 65 years of age and older represent one of the fastest growing segments of our society with the population doubling within the next 25 years with dramatic rates of mental decline, costing society billions of dollars each year. The proposed research seeks to discover whether relatively short term mental or physical training can enhance gist reasoning, generalize to untrained cognitive areas and modify/strengthen brain function in areas susceptible to aging processes. To identify neuroprotective and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent mental decline and maximize cognitive brain health during the course of the adult lifespan has major public policy implications.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知正常老年人推理或体育训练后的大脑和认知变化本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域（05）比较有效性研究; 05-AG- 105* 包括神经退行性疾病在内的疾病和衰老综合征的比较干预试验。背景资料：一个显着的潜力存在，以修改结构和功能的老化人脑给予密集的精神刺激和身体活动。额叶测量执行控制（如推理）的结果一致表明，与大脑皮层相关的认知能力下降。与此同时，一个更大的脆弱性额叶脑网络，这有助于执行控制功能，也已确定与老化。初步证据强调了推理训练和体育训练在修改和加强老年人大脑和认知功能方面的潜力。来自我们实验室的证据表明，正面介导的基于gist-based推理（定义为联合收割机结合细节信息构建抽象意义的能力）提供了一个有前途的认知领域来训练。从大量输入的信息中提取主旨意义是一个健康的头脑所能达到的最重要的心理技能之一。目的：这项建议是一项创新性的研究，以获得数据的好处（a）新的gist-based推理训练计划或（B）的额叶介导的认知措施的执行控制认知正常的老年人的身体训练。该项目还将采用新开发的（a）大脑测量方法来绘制大脑血流和连通性的变化，并结合（B）专门设计的认知激活任务来测量从事要点推理与细节处理的大脑区域。该项目还检查了较短的剂量效应，即6周和12周后，比以前检查以及基于高和低性能的要点和体能训练的个体差异。方法：60名年龄在60 - 75岁之间的认知功能正常的老年人将被招募为研究对象，并随机分为3组。每组将由20名参与者组成：一个经过推理训练的组，一个经过体能训练的组和一个等待名单上的对照组。参与者将接受全面筛查，以确保他们的认知正常。在介入前，将获得参与者的基本要点和细节处理能力，认知功能和健身措施的电池。还将获得大脑结构和功能测量。参与者将接受12周的基于gist-based训练或体能训练，在中点、6周训练、12周训练终点和训练完成后4周进行测量。训练效果将在训练过的领域（推理和身体）和未经训练的认知领域进行行为测量。此外，结构和功能脑成像将测量脑血流量、整体和局部脑容量、白色物质束、效率、激活模式和血氧的变化，特别关注额叶区域的变化。重要性：目前的研究旨在发现神经保护性的非药物干预措施，可以预防老年人的智力下降并加强认知大脑健康，可能为社会节省数十亿美元。这将是首批探索短期强化推理和体能训练的训练研究之一，每一项都被证明是认知大脑健康的关键，有可能加强额叶区域对抗与衰老相关的损失。认知正常老年人推理或运动训练后的大脑和认知变化65岁及以上的老年人代表了我们社会中增长最快的部分之一，在未来25年内人口翻了一番，智力下降的速度惊人，每年花费社会数十亿美元。这项拟议中的研究旨在发现相对短期的心理或身体训练是否可以增强要旨推理，推广到未经训练的认知领域，并修改/加强易受衰老过程影响的大脑功能。确定神经保护和非药物干预措施，以防止智力下降，并在成年人的生命过程中最大限度地提高认知大脑健康具有重大的公共政策意义。