AGING OF VISUAL/COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

视觉/认知机制老化

• 批准号: 2442268
• 负责人: WILLIAM J. HOYER
• 金额: $ 13.74万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-15 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2442268
• 关键词: age difference; aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; learning; longitudinal human study; memory; neural information processing; performance; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract): The experiments proposed in this application build upon and extend research initiated under a previous grant aimed at developing and testing empirically derived neural network models of aging. The major aim is to specify the mechanisms that account for age-related differences in practice-related improvements in learning and skilled performance. Our focus is on the description of age-related inter-individual differences in learning and skill acquisition in terms of the efficiency of a memory-based learning mechanism and the efficiency of computing algorithmic solutions. That is, which mechanism of learning are degraded and which mechanisms of skilled performance are preserved across the adult life-span? During the four years of this project, about 400 women and men between the ages of 20 and 70 years will be tested in four experiments, to examine session-by-session changes in the speed, variability, and accuracy of performance, as well as changes in the shape of the distributions of response times. Analyses of age-related individual differences along these measures across multiple practice sessions are expected to reveal shifts from algorithmic computation to memory based processing.

描述(改编自《调查者摘要》)：实验 本申请中提出的建议建立在以下项下启动的研究的基础上并扩展 之前的一项拨款旨在开发和测试经验性派生的神经 老龄化的网络模型。其主要目标是详细说明 考虑到与年龄相关的差异在实践中的相关改善 学习和熟练的表现。我们的重点是描述 学习和技能习得的年龄相关个体间差异 在基于记忆的学习机制的效率和 计算算法解决方案的效率。也就是说，哪种机制 学习被降级了，什么是熟练表现的机制 在成年后一直保存下来吗？在这四年里 该项目将有大约400名年龄在20岁到70岁之间的男女 在四个实验中进行了测试，以检查 性能的速度、可变性和准确性，以及 响应时间分布的形状。与年龄相关的问题分析 这些措施在多个实践中的个体差异 会议预计将揭示从算法计算到 基于内存的处理。