AGING OF VISUAL/COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

视觉/认知机制老化

• 批准号: 2732538
• 负责人: WILLIAM J. HOYER
• 金额: $ 14.09万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-15 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2732538
• 关键词: age difference; aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; learning; longitudinal human study; memory; neural information processing; performance; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract): The experiments proposed in this application build upon and extend research initiated under a previous grant aimed at developing and testing empirically derived neural network models of aging. The major aim is to specify the mechanisms that account for age-related differences in practice-related improvements in learning and skilled performance. Our focus is on the description of age-related inter-individual differences in learning and skill acquisition in terms of the efficiency of a memory-based learning mechanism and the efficiency of computing algorithmic solutions. That is, which mechanism of learning are degraded and which mechanisms of skilled performance are preserved across the adult life-span? During the four years of this project, about 400 women and men between the ages of 20 and 70 years will be tested in four experiments, to examine session-by-session changes in the speed, variability, and accuracy of performance, as well as changes in the shape of the distributions of response times. Analyses of age-related individual differences along these measures across multiple practice sessions are expected to reveal shifts from algorithmic computation to memory based processing.

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：实验 在本申请中提出的建立和扩展研究， 之前的一项拨款旨在开发和测试经验性神经 老龄化的网络模型 主要目的是具体说明 解释与实践相关的改善中与年龄相关的差异， 学习和熟练的表现。 我们的重点是描述 年龄相关的学习和技能获得的个体间差异 在基于记忆的学习机制的效率方面， 计算算法解决方案的效率。 也就是说， 学习能力下降，哪些技能表现机制 在成年人的整个生命周期中都能保存下来 在这四年里， 该项目，约400名年龄在20至70岁之间的妇女和男子将被 在四个实验中进行测试，以检查会话的变化， 速度、变化性和性能的准确性，以及 响应时间分布的形状。 年龄相关分析 个体差异沿着这些措施在多个实践 预计会议将揭示从算法计算到 基于内存的处理。