AGING, SKILL, AND KNOWLEDGE USE

本研究的长期目标是确定基于知识的 以及与改进相关的基于能力的因素， 维持和有效认知功能下降， 老年人 第一个拟议的实验试图澄清的性质， 先前领域相关知识对成人年龄差异的影响 总结目标文本材料中的可用信息 域 实验2、3和4研究了与年龄相关的， 在“视觉丰富”中搜索目标项目的技能相关差异 显示屏 预计与技能有关的有益效果 将展示有关老年人认知能力的知识 通过对比老年人的视觉搜索表现， 域特定和域通用可视显示格式。 成人年龄 领域相关技能对降低能力的影响差异 视觉搜索的需求采用双任务方法进行评估 （对比实验3和实验5）。 老年人预计将显示 基于能力的限制，在域一般视觉搜索，但不是在 特定领域的搜索，他们预计将显示较少的转让的 视觉搜索的特定领域的技能，以确定和 概括目标领域文本材料的要点。

The long-term objective of this research is to identify the knowledge-based and capacity-based factors which are associated with improvement, maintenance, and decline in effective cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. The first proposed experiment seeks to clarify the nature of the effects of prior domain-related knowledge on adult age differences in summarizing the information available in text materials in the target domain. Proposed experiments 2, 3, and 4 examine age-related and skill-related differences in searching for target items in "visually-rich" displays. It is expected that the beneficial effects of skill-related knowledge on the cognitive performance of older adults will be demonstrated by contrasting the visual search performance of older adults under domain-specific and domain-general visual display formats. Adult age differences in the effects of domain-related skill on reducing the capacity demands of visual search are assessed using a dual-task methodology (comparing Experiments 3 and 5). Older adults are expected to show capacity-based limitations in domain-general visual search but not in domain-specific search, and they are expected to show less transfer of the domain-specific skills of visual search to the task of identifying and summarizing the main points of text materials in the target domain.