CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, SLEEP, AND DEPRESSION RISK AT PUBERTY

青春期的昼夜节律、睡眠和抑郁风险

• 批准号: 2416058
• 负责人: Mary A Carskadon
• 金额: $ 51.29万
• 依托单位: EMMA PENDLETON BRADLEY HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2416058
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavior test; biosensor device; body temperature; case history; child behavior; circadian rhythms; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electrocardiography; electroencephalography; electromyography; electrooculography; emotions; homeostasis; human puberty; human subject; major depression; melatonin; middle childhood (6-11); psychomotor reaction time; sleep; sleep deprivation; thermometry; urinalysis; wakefulness

The chief purpose of the project is to understand adolescent sleep patterns as a function of underlying bioregulatory processes and their pubertal development. A common adolescent pattern is delayed and insufficient sleep, reflecting complex biopsychosocial interactions. The importance of this research stems from the known behavioral risk of insufficient sleep, including excessive daytime sleepiness, poor school performance, depressed mood, injuries and accidents. Using techniques of circadian rhythms and sleep research, the project undertakes three studies, each focusing on basic sleep regulatory issues. In Study 1, markers of the output of the endogenous circadian oscillator are measured in 108 girls and boys ages 10 to 14 years spanning pubertal stages. Sleep, mood, performance, sleepiness, deep body temperature (DBT), and urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (6-SM) are measured during a weekend study. After sleeping in the laboratory on 2 nights, children remain awake in bed in a semi-recumbent position for 36 hours during a "constant routine" of lighting, food and fluid intake, and restricted activity. A recovery night follows. Circadian rhythm parameters include endogenous circadian phase (ECP) and amplitude of DBT, as well as times of 6-SM onset, offset, and peak. Recovery sleep variables mark homeostatic processes. Specific hypotheses are (1) circadian rhythms phase delay and (2) intensity of homeostatic sleep/wake mechanisms declines at puberty. This study also obtains a unique developmental data base of circadian rhythm and sleep variables across puberty. In Study 2, 60 girls and boys are evaluated in a 24-day laboratory "forced desynchrony" protocol from which the intrinsic period of the endogenous circadian oscillator can be accurately estimated. Measures are as in Study 1. After 2 baseline laboratory, days and before 2 recovery days, sleep/wake are scheduled on a 28-hour-day to which the endogenous circadian cannot entrain, thus freeing the endogenous rhythm from usual masking effects of sleep and wake. Constant routine assessment of ECP and ECA are made serially on three occasions when the trough of body temperature is out of phase with the scheduled sleep episode. This study tests the hypothesis that the period of the endogenous circadian oscillator lengthens at puberty; it also provides a rich body of information regarding sleep, wake, and circadian processes during pubertal maturation. Study 3 is a longitudinal study of the output of the endogenous circadian pacemaker in 32 normal children and 40 children at risk to develop depression by virtue of a family history of major depressive disorder. The constant routine paradigm Of Study 1 is used to measure ECP and ECA in normal and at-risk children at early and late stages of puberty. This study tests the hypothesis that ECP is more variable in the at-risk group and that extreme groups may show different sleep abnormalities. These findings may clarify the relationships of sleep, circadian rhythms, and mood disorder in adolescents.

该项目的主要目的是了解青少年的睡眠 模式作为潜在生物调节过程的函数及其 青春期发育。青春期常见的一种模式是延迟， 睡眠不足，反映了复杂的生物心理社会相互作用。这 这项研究的重要性源于已知的行为风险 睡眠不足，包括白天过度嗜睡、学业成绩不佳 表现、情绪低落、受伤和事故。使用技术 昼夜节律和睡眠研究，该项目承担三项 研究，每项都侧重于基本的睡眠调节问题。 在研究 1 中，内源性昼夜节律振荡器的输出标记 对 108 名 10 至 14 岁的女孩和男孩进行了测量，跨越青春期 阶段。睡眠、情绪、表现、困倦、深部体温 (DBT)、 周末测量尿 6-硫酸酯氧基褪黑激素 (6-SM) 学习。在实验室睡了两个晚上后，孩子们仍然保持清醒 在“持续”期间以半卧位躺在床上 36 小时 照明、食物和液体摄入以及限制活动的常规”。 接下来是恢复之夜。昼夜节律参数包括内源性 DBT 的昼夜节律相位 (ECP) 和幅度，以及 6-SM 的时间 起始点、偏移量和峰值。恢复睡眠变量标志着体内平衡 流程。具体假设是（1）昼夜节律相位延迟和 (2) 青春期时稳态睡眠/觉醒机制的强度下降。 这项研究还获得了独特的昼夜节律发育数据库 整个青春期的节律和睡眠变量。 在研究 2 中，60 名女孩和男孩在为期 24 天的实验室“强迫”中接受评估 去同步”协议，其中内源性的固有周期 可以准确估计昼夜节律振荡器。措施如研究中所示 1. 在 2 个基线实验室之后，天和在 2 个恢复天之前， 睡眠/觉醒被安排在一天 28 小时内，内源性的 昼夜节律无法牵引，从而将内源性节律从平常中释放出来 掩盖睡眠和觉醒的影响。 ECP 的持续常规评估和 ECA在车身低谷时分三次连续制作 温度与预定的睡眠时间不同步。这项研究 检验内源昼夜节律周期的假设 青春期振荡器延长；它还提供了丰富的身体 有关青春期睡眠、觉醒和昼夜节律过程的信息 成熟。 研究3是内源性昼夜节律输出的纵向研究 32 名正常儿童和 40 名有发育风险的儿童安装起搏器 由于有严重抑郁症家族史而患有抑郁症。这 研究 1 的恒定常规范式用于测量 ECP 和 ECA 青春期早期和晚期的正常儿童和高危儿童。这 研究检验了 ECP 在高危人群中变化更大的假设 极端群体可能会表现出不同的睡眠异常。这些 研究结果可能阐明睡眠、昼夜节律和 青少年情绪障碍。