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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORS PROTECTING AGAINST TB

预防结核病的呼吸器的特点

基本信息

批准号：
2333135
负责人：
KLAUS WILLEKE
金额：
$ 25万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-02-01 至 1998-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Traditionally used surgiCal masks have been found to provide limited protection against airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other infectious agents. More protective respirators, currently used in industrial settings, have been modified for use in health care, but have not been studied for their effectiveness against pathogens. It is proposed to develop new methods for determining the bacterial penetration, injury, survival and aerosolization-after-storage characteristics of currently used and potential respiratory protection devices. Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strain and other representative strains will be used as models in the tests. The airborne microorganisms will be studied by microbiological and physical means. A new aerodynamic particle sizing instrument will measure the health-significant aerodynamic particle size of the microorganisms down to 0.3 microm. An optical size spectrometer will detect the fragments below 0.3 microm from the deposited, potentially injured microorganisms. New bioaerosol samplers, developed by the investigators, and different growth media will be used to measure the concentration levels, injury and survival of the model microorganisms downstream of the respirators during tests simulating initial wear and tests on the degree of aerosolization after storage. These and other new methods will be used to study several respirators. Respirators with high versus low electrical charge levels embedded in them will be studied as to their bacterial penetration. The findings with the model microorganisms will be compared with results and analyses from tests with non-biological, spherical reference aerosols, performed in a previously developed respirator test facility. Since highly protective respiratory devices are more expensive than traditionally used ones, the studies will be performed on off-the-shelf respirators and on respirators stored after exposure to airborne microorganisms, typical of a day's activity. The levels of bacterial aerosolization after storage, measured downstream of the respirators, will be related to the material parameters of the respirators. Comparisons between the count from the microbiological analysis to the physical count of the test aerosol will assist the study of bacterial injury and survivability. The new methods and scientific data will be evaluated as to their potential use in future standards for certification and quality assurance testing of respirators used against airborne pathogens.

传统上使用的医用口罩被发现提供有限的对空气传播的结核分枝杆菌和其他感染剂。更多的防护口罩，目前在工业环境，已被改装用于医疗保健，但没有研究过它们对病原体的有效性。它是建议开发新的细菌检测方法渗透、伤害、存活和储存后的气雾化目前使用的和潜在的呼吸保护的特点设备。牛分枝杆菌卡介苗等代表性菌株菌株将被用作测试中的模型。空气中的微生物将通过微生物和物理手段进行研究。一种新的空气动力学颗粒测量仪将测量健康-意义重大空气动力学下的微生物颗粒尺寸降至0.3微米。一个光学尺寸光谱仪将检测到0.3微米以下的碎片沉积的、可能受到伤害的微生物。新型生物气雾剂由研究人员开发的采样器和不同的生长介质将被用来测量浓度水平、损伤和存活测试过程中口罩下游的模型微生物模拟初始磨损及气雾化程度的测试储藏室。这些方法和其他新方法将被用来研究几种呼吸器。内嵌高电平和低电平的呼吸器将对它们的细菌渗透性进行研究。这一发现与模型微生物将与来自使用非生物、球形参考气雾剂在先前开发的呼吸器测试设备。因为高度保护呼吸设备比传统使用的设备更贵，将对现成的口罩和口罩进行研究。暴露在空气中的微生物后储存，典型的一天活动。储存后的细菌气雾化水平，测量下游的呼吸器，将与材料参数有关呼吸防护口罩。中的计数比较微生物学分析对气溶胶物理计数的影响协助研究细菌损伤和生存能力。新方法并将评估科学数据在未来的潜在用途呼吸器的认证和质量保证试验标准用来对抗空气传播的病原体。