EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS IN CRITICAL ILLNESS

这个博士后培训计划的建议是为了培养研究员， 为期三年，在相关的基础科学研究， 心血管和肺对压力的反应。 资助两个 第一年的研究员，第二年的四个和所有随后的年份， 所请求 学员的总体研究重点是 心血管和肺对压力的反应对四个相互关联的 基础科学研究的层次：1）细胞和分子 免疫生物学; 2）器官损伤的细胞基础; 3）器官系统 （4）以结果为基础的研究。 这种做法强调， 重症监护医学的基本基础，需要整合 从细胞和分子生物学到器官系统监测， 治疗，以确定其对社会相关结果的影响。 这些 研究领域与校外研究赠款相吻合， 教师合作。 研究培训工作可以分阶段进行。 的 教师反映了一个经验丰富，专门的一组资深院士， 所有的主要培训师都有校外研究培训支持 以及在这些研究领域的培训经验。 完成后 培训计划，研究员将了解如何设计，执行， 完整的实验，以回答来自批判性的具体问题， 生病的病人 因此，该研究员将不仅在先进的训练， 分子生物学、细胞生物学和免疫学实验室方法学， 器官系统生理学和流行病学， 过程需要应用未来的实验问题，因为它们涉及到 危重病人的真实的生活问题。 所有学员将参加 大学基础科学系提供的正式研究生课程 匹兹堡大学。 有些人可能会完成必要的课程， 在这些基础科学课程中获得博士和硕士学位。 大多数的训练 将在主要培训员的实验室进行， 经过深思熟虑的古老的师徒制。 这种培训技术结合了受训者和 培训师以及每周一小时的研究培训研讨会， 培训员小组，包括首席培训员和 研究培训师小组，他们的特殊技能和兴趣被选择， 补充主教练，同时指导和监督 实习生的研究计划 此外，正式的研究报告， 学员将每半年到当地研究界受训。 这种灵活但强度大的监督允许同时 完成高效、亲切、合作的研究和培训。 研究员个人选择一名主要培训员， 执行培训委员会的指导。 然后，他们共同 制定个性化的培训计划、培训师小组和课程 计划，让研究员完成教育和研究 方案的目标。 平权行动招聘工作已经在 到位 培训设施可以为更多的研究员提供服务， 由该培训计划资助。 所有培训将在 超过20，000平方英尺的设备齐全的实验室空间 并提供辅助技术支持。

This postdoctoral training program proposal is designed to train fellows, for a period of three years each, in basic science research relevant to cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to stress. Funds to support two fellows for the first year, four the second and all subsequent years, are requested. The overall research focus of the trainees is the cardiovascular and pulmonary response to stress on four inter-related levels of basic science investigation: 1) cell and molecular immunobiology; 2) cellular basis of organ injury; 3) organ-system interactions; and 4) outcomes-based research. This approach underscores the essential basis of critical care medicine, requiring an integration of cell and molecular biology to organ-system monitoring, and following therapies to define their effects on socially relevant outcomes. These areas of research coincide with extramural research grants on which the faculty collaborate. The research training efforts can be staged. The faculty reflect an experienced and dedicated group of senior academicians, and all the principal trainers have extramural research training support and training experience in those areas of research. Upon completion of the training program, the fellow will understand how to design, execute, and complete experiments to answer specific questions derived from critically ill patients. Thus, the fellow will be trained not only in advanced laboratory methodology in molecular biology, cell biology and immunology, organ-system physiology, and epidemiology, but also in the thought processes needed to apply future experimental problems as they relate to real life problems in critically ill patients. All trainees will take formal postgraduate courses offered by the basic science departments of the University of pittsburgh. Some may complete coursework necessary to receive PhD and MPH degrees in these basic science programs. Most training will take place in the laboratories of the principal trainers using a carefully thought-out version of the time-honored master-apprentice system. This training technique combines weekly meetings between the trainee and trainer as well as hour long research training seminars each week at which the trainer group, including of the principal trainer and the extended research trainer group, whose special skills and interests are chosen to supplement the principal trainer and concurrently guide and monitor the trainee's research program. Furthermore, formal research presentations by the trainees will be given biannually to the local research community. This flexible but intense degree of supervision permits the simultaneous completion of efficient, cordial, and cooperative research and training. The individual fellows choose a principal trainer with the support and guidance of the Executive Training Committee. Then collectively, they fashion an individualized training program, trainer group, and coursework program to allow the fellow to accomplish the educational and research goals of the program. Affirmative action recruitment efforts are already in place. The training facilities can serve more fellows than will be funded by this training proposal. All training will be carried out in the more than 20,000 square feet of fully equipped laboratory space available and with ancillary technical support.