INTRAINDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY CHANGE IN ADULTHOOD

这一建议寻求支持，以研究 人格特质使用独特的纵向数据收集自1975年 到1995年。 主要目标是：1）评估个人 特征随时间变化的差异， 个体内变化，以及2）预测这种个体内变化， 健康、压力和社会人口变量。 纵向数据来自 将使用规范老化研究（NAS）。 NAS是一个长期的 研究老年男性的衰老过程，主要是退伍军人。 这些数据 特殊的是，重复测量可以追溯到20年前， 人格特质（外倾性和神经质） 30年以上的健康措施。 关于Trait的研究 变化几乎完全集中在平均水平或相关 稳定 我们认为，只有个体内技术才能准确地 描述人格的变化 大多数人格理论关注的是变化 或者是人的稳定性。 然而，几乎所有的人格 研究的重点是样本层面的变化或稳定性。 只 允许个体内（或自洽）建模的技术 改变可以调和理论和研究之间的巨大差距。 我们将通过对个体的估计来实现第一个目标 每个参与者的两个主要人格特征的增长曲线， 外向性和神经质。 线性和非线性生长曲线 将对短期（7年）和长期（20年）时间进行估计 跳转 为了实现第二个目标，个体生长曲线 在第一阶段估计将被用作因变量在一个 第二阶段分析。 这将允许检查潜在的 性格变化的预测因素，如出生队列，退休 状态、配偶死亡和身体疾病发作。 我们假设 对单个轨迹的估计将显示出 稳定和变化。 我们进一步期望我们所选择的潜力 预测因素来阐明导致变化和 稳定性，特别是生活压力等背景变量， 退休 使用这种方法将使旧的 成年后人格改变的问题，以及这种改变是如何发生的 与重要的生活事件、社会人口特征有关， 健康

This proposal seeks support for a study of change and stability in personality traits using unique longitudinal data collected from 1975 to 1995. The primary goals are to: 1) estimate the individual differences in trait change over time using novel methods that capture intraindividual change, and 2) predict this intraindividual change with health, stress, and sociodemographic variables. Longitudinal data from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) will be used. The NAS is a long-term study of aging process in older men, mostly veterans. These data are exceptional in that repeated measurements go back 20 years for the personality traits under consideration (extraversion and neuroticism) and over 30 years for the health measures. Previous research on trait change has almost entirely focused on mean-level or correlational stability. We argue that only intraindividual techniques can accurately depict personality change. Most personality theory focuses on change or stability at the person level. However, nearly all personality research has focused on change or stability at the sample level. Only techniques which allow the modeling of intraindividual (or ipsative) change can reconcile this wide disparity between theory and research. We will accomplish the first goal via the estimation of individual growth-curves for each participant on two major personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism. Both linear and nonlinear growth-curves will be estimated for short-term (7-year) and long-term (20-year) time frames. To accomplish the second goal, the individual growth-curves estimated in the first stage will be used as dependent variables in a second stage of analysis. This will permit the examination of potential predicators of personality change such as birth cohort, retirement status, death of spouse, and onset of physical illness. We hypothesize that the estimation of individual trajectories will show a mix of stability and change. We further expect our chosen potential predicators to elucidate the processes that lead to both change and stability, especially contextual variables such as life stress and retirement. Use of this approach will shed new light on the old question of personality change in adulthood, and how such change is related to important life events, sociodemographic characteristics, and health.