Personality and Well-Being Trajectories in Adulthood

描述(由申请人提供)：两组最新的发现可以将寿命、人格发展和人格与健康联系在一起。首先，某些个性特征可以预测死亡。其次，不仅特征有能力随着寿命的推移而改变，而且这种改变还可以预测死亡率。在上一个项目期间，我们为人格与健康和人格发展领域的这种融合奠定了基础。在这一竞争更新中，我们提出了一些研究，这些研究将导致对这些现象的更细微的理解。我们要求在波士顿退伍军人标准老龄化研究(NAS)内支持进一步的数据分析，并获得另外两波纵向数据和另一次测量突发(每日经验研究)。认识到由于死亡率的增加，NAS队列的规模正在缩小，我们也请求支持将我们的研究扩展到另外两项年龄略低且更加多样化的纵向研究：美国中年调查(MIDUS)和伊利诺伊州中部健康与活动研究(HASCI)。后者与最近的呼吁是一致的，即同时分析多个数据集，以回答常见的研究问题，追求累积科学。我们相信，我们的每个目标都是重要的，与健康有很高的相关性，它们将导致对人格和幸福感以及这些结构的变化如何影响健康和死亡率的更多了解。我们将以两个具体目标为指导：1)测试人格与疾病/死亡率之间形成联系的机制的总体概念模型，2)测试人格变化如何影响疾病和死亡率，并确定解释这种联系的中介变量是什么。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two sets of recent findings can tie together the areas of lifespan personality development and personality and health. First, certain personality traits predict mortality. Second, not only do traits have the capacity to change over the lifespan, but such change predicts mortality. In the last project period we have provided the foundation for such an integration of the areas of personality and health and personality development. In this competing renewal, we propose a number of studies that will lead to a more nuanced understanding of these phenomena. We request support for further data analyses within the Boston VA Normative Aging Study (NAS), as well as to obtain two more waves of longitudinal data and another measurement burst (daily experiences study). Recognizing that the NAS cohort is decreasing in size due to increased mortality, we are also requesting support to expand our studies to two other longitudinal studies that are slightly younger in age and which are more diverse: the Midlife in the U.S. Survey (MIDUS) and the Health & Activity Study of Central Illinois (HASCI). The latter is consistent with recent calls to simultaneously analyze multiple data sets to answer common research questions, in pursuit of cumulative science. We believe each of our aims are significant and have high health relevance, and in concert they will lead to enhanced knowledge of how personality and well-being, but also change in these constructs, can affect health and mortality. We will be guided by two specific aims: 1) To test an overarching conceptual model of the mechanisms that form conduits between personality and disease/mortality, and 2) to test how personality change influences illness and mortality, and to determine what are the intervening variables that explain this association.