AGING AND FITNESS EFFECTS ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE

这项建议的长期目标是确定可能与老年人健康状况的改善和有效运作有关的因素。 体育活动以前已被证明会影响老年人的认知和运动表现的效率。 这些表现上的差异与生活满意度的降低、行动和社会活动的限制、抑郁的增加以及福尔斯受伤的发生率直接相关。 拟议的项目将分离刺激-反应关系的组成部分，以确定可能受衰老影响的确切位点，以及有氧健身改善的位点。 为了实现这一目标，将使用三刺激范例（S1-S2-S3）来检查事件相关电位（即，CNV，SPN和P3）和反应时间（RT）在四组个人：老年人和年轻人的身体活动和久坐不动的成年人。 先前的研究表明，这些诱发电位的措施差异指标的刺激-反应关系，与SPN反映刺激的预期，CNV指标刺激定向和运动准备，和P3振幅和潜伏期反映上下文更新和认知处理速度，分别。S1将是视觉警告刺激，其提供关于S2处即将到来的任务是容易还是困难的信息。 S2将是一个辨别任务，其中参与者将被指示做出决定，但保持他们的反应，直到S3的呈现，在这一点上，他们将做出选择RT反应。 假设年龄的主要影响将发生在所有ERP振幅（即，SPN、CNV和P3），和乳杆菌（即，P3和RT）。 进一步假设，身体活动水平将与年龄相互作用，导致所有测量的振幅增加和延迟缩短。 建议这项研究的结果将有助于推进我们对老年人健康的认识。

The long-term goals of this proposal are to identify factors that may be related to the increased health and effective functioning of older individuals. Physical activity has been previously shown to affect efficiency of cognitive and motor performance in older adults. These differences in performance are directly related to decreased life satisfaction, restrictions in mobility and social activity, increases in depression, and the incidence of injury due to falls. The proposed project will isolate components of the stimulus-response relationship to determine the exact loci that may be affected by aging and, further, which loci are ameliorated by aerobic fitness. To achieve this goal, a three-stimulus paradigm (S1-S2-S3) will be used to examine event-related potentials (i.e., CNV, SPN, and P3) and reaction time (RT) in four groups of individuals: older and younger physically active and sedentary adults. Previous research has indicated that these evoked potential measures differentially index the stimulus-response relationship, with the SPN reflecting stimulus anticipation, CNV indexing both stimulus orienting and motor preparation, and P3 amplitude and latency reflecting context updating and cognitive processing speed, respectively. The S1 will be a visual warning stimulus that provides information as to whether the upcoming task at S2 will be easy or difficult. S2 will be a discrimination task in which the participant will be instructed to make a decision but to hold their response until the presentation of S3, at which point they will make a choice RT response. It is hypothesized that a main effect for age will occur for all ERP amplitudes (i.e., SPN, CNV, and P3), and latencies (i.e., P3 and RT). It is further hypothesized that physical activity levels will interact with age resulting in increased amplitude and shorter latencies for all measures. It is proposed that the results of this fellowship will aid in advancing our knowledge concerning the health of older adults.