ERPs to Academics: Exercise Effects on Cognition in School-Aged Children

ERP 对学术界的影响：运动对学龄儿童认知的影响

• 批准号: 7515927
• 负责人: CHARLES H HILLMAN
• 金额: $ 34.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7515927
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Achievement; Adult; Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Americas; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Childhood; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Colon Carcinoma; Complex; Control Groups; Data; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Event; Exercise; Health; Health Status; Human; Illinois; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Left; Life; Life Style; Longevity; Mathematics; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Monitor; Motivation; Muscle; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Overweight; Perception; Performance; Physical Education; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Pliability; Preparation; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Purpose; Randomized; Reaction Time; Reading; Relative (related person); Research; Research Support; Resistance; Sampling; Schedule; School-Age Population; Schools; Score; Short-Term Memory; Speed; Stimulus; Students; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Waiting Lists; Youth; behavior measurement; cancer type; cognitive function; day; design; distraction; elementary school; executive function; fitness; improved; indexing; interest; pressure; programs; response; school health; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this proposal is to improve our understanding of factors related to cognitive health of school-aged children by examining the effects of a 9-month exercise intervention on basic and applied aspects of cognition in preadolescent children. From a basic measurement perspective, event-related brain potentials (i.e., neuroelectric activity in response to, or in preparation for, a stimulus or response) and behavioral (i.e., reaction time, response accuracy) indices of cognition will be studied during several tasks aimed at assessing various aspects of executive control (i.e., a subset of processes concerned with the selection, scheduling, and coordination of computational processes responsible for perception, memory, and action). Preliminary research has observed faster and more efficient performance in high-fit, relative to low-fit, children and adults using neuroelectric measures that reflect attentional allocation to environmental stimuli (i.e., P3) and response monitoring processes (i.e., ERN, Pe), along with behavioral measures that reflect response speed and accuracy. These preliminary findings indicate greater top-down attentional control may be associated with increases in physical activity. From an applied measurement perspective, preliminary research has found that children with greater aerobic fitness perform better on standardized achievement tests of reading and mathematics, compared to children with lower aerobic fitness, suggesting that exercise may be related to academic performance in an applied school setting. To date, no causal evidence exists regarding the effects of physical activity on neuroelectric, behavioral, or applied school performance indices of cognition in children. Accordingly, this proposal investigates an aerobic physical activity training intervention on these measures of cognition using three tasks (single stimulus, Go/NoGo, flanker) that require variable amounts of executive control, and on the Illinois Standardized Achievement Test using a randomized control design in which particiants are assigned to an afterschool physical activity program or a wait-list control group. Given recent trends identifying decreased levels of physical activity and health status in preadolescents, the understanding of the potential benefits of physical activity on cognition is of great interest. It is imperative that factors positively influencing cognitive function of children be examined to maximize health and effective functioning of individuals as they progress through the lifespan. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: recent trends have identified decreasing levels of physical activity, fitness, and health in preadolescent children. Examining factors, such as physical activity behavior and aerobic fitness that positively influence cognitive health of school-age children are important for improving school performance, maximizing health, and improving the overall functioning of individuals as they progress through the human lifespan. A sample of preadolescent children from the Urbana, Illinois elementary school system will be randomly assigned to a 9- month afterschool program that focuses on either aerobic exercise or wait-list control group to determine the effects of physical activity on basic and applied aspects of cognition. Changes in neuroelectric and behavioral indices of cognitive function and performance on standardized academic achievement tests of mathematics and reading will be examined as a function of participation in the intervention. Preliminary research supports that physical activity is positively associated with basic and applied aspects of cognition, with a stronger relationship for tasks requiring extensive amounts of executive control. However, previous research has mainly focused on older adults, and little research has examined the relationship between physical activity and executive control in children. These findings will provide lifestyle considerations for children to improve their cognitive health across the lifespan.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目的是通过检查9个月的运动干预对青春期前儿童认知的基本和应用方面的影响，提高我们对学龄儿童认知健康相关因素的理解。从基本测量的角度来看，事件相关脑电位（即，响应于刺激或响应或准备刺激或响应的神经电活动）和行为（即，反应时间、反应准确度）的认知指数将在旨在评估执行控制的各个方面的几个任务期间被研究（即，与负责感知、记忆和动作的计算过程的选择、调度和协调有关的过程的子集）。初步研究已经观察到，使用反映对环境刺激的注意力分配的神经电测量（即，P3）和响应监测过程（即，ERN，Pe），沿着反映反应速度和准确性的行为测量。这些初步研究结果表明，更大的自上而下的注意力控制可能与身体活动的增加有关。从应用测量的角度来看，初步研究发现，与有氧健身较低的儿童相比，有氧健身较高的儿童在阅读和数学的标准化成绩测试中表现更好，这表明运动可能与应用学校环境中的学习成绩有关。到目前为止，没有因果关系的证据存在关于身体活动的影响神经电，行为，或应用学校的认知性能指标的儿童。因此，这项建议调查了有氧体育活动训练干预这些措施的认知使用三个任务（单刺激，去/不去，侧翼），需要变量的执行控制，并在伊利诺伊州标准化成绩测试使用随机对照设计，其中参与者被分配到课后体育活动计划或等待列表控制组。鉴于最近的趋势，确定降低水平的身体活动和健康状况的青春期前，了解身体活动对认知的潜在好处是非常感兴趣的。当务之急是积极影响儿童认知功能的因素进行审查，以最大限度地提高健康和有效运作的个人，因为他们的进步，通过寿命。公共卫生相关性：最近的趋势表明，青春期前儿童的身体活动、健身和健康水平下降。检查因素，如体育活动行为和有氧健身，积极影响学龄儿童的认知健康，对于提高学校成绩，最大限度地提高健康，并改善个人的整体功能，因为他们通过人类寿命的进展是很重要的。来自伊利诺伊州厄巴纳小学系统的青春期前儿童样本将被随机分配到一个为期9个月的课后计划，该计划侧重于有氧运动或等待名单对照组，以确定体育活动对认知的基本和应用方面的影响。认知功能和数学和阅读标准化学业成绩测试的表现的神经电和行为指标的变化将作为参与干预的函数进行检查。初步研究支持体力活动与认知的基本和应用方面呈正相关，与需要大量执行控制的任务有更强的关系。然而，以前的研究主要集中在老年人，很少有研究探讨儿童的身体活动和执行控制之间的关系。这些发现将为儿童提供生活方式方面的考虑，以改善他们一生的认知健康。