ERPs to Academics: Exercise Effects on Cognition in School-Aged Children

ERP 对学术界的影响：运动对学龄儿童认知的影响

• 批准号: 7896780
• 负责人: CHARLES H HILLMAN
• 金额: $ 33.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7896780
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Achievement; Adult; Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Americas; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Childhood; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Colon Carcinoma; Complex; Control Groups; Data; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Event; Exercise; Health; Health Status; Human; Illinois; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Left; Life; Life Style; Longevity; Mathematics; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Monitor; Motivation; Muscle; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Overweight; Perception; Performance; Physical Education; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Preparation; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Reaction Time; Reading; Relative (related person); Research; Research Support; Resistance; Sampling; Schedule; School-Age Population; Schools; Short-Term Memory; Speed; Stimulus; Students; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Waiting Lists; Youth; behavior measurement; cancer type; cognitive function; design; distraction; elementary school; executive function; fitness; flexibility; improved; indexing; interest; pressure; programs; public health relevance; response; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this proposal is to improve our understanding of factors related to cognitive health of school-aged children by examining the effects of a 9-month exercise intervention on basic and applied aspects of cognition in preadolescent children. From a basic measurement perspective, event-related brain potentials (i.e., neuroelectric activity in response to, or in preparation for, a stimulus or response) and behavioral (i.e., reaction time, response accuracy) indices of cognition will be studied during several tasks aimed at assessing various aspects of executive control (i.e., a subset of processes concerned with the selection, scheduling, and coordination of computational processes responsible for perception, memory, and action). Preliminary research has observed faster and more efficient performance in high-fit, relative to low-fit, children and adults using neuroelectric measures that reflect attentional allocation to environmental stimuli (i.e., P3) and response monitoring processes (i.e., ERN, Pe), along with behavioral measures that reflect response speed and accuracy. These preliminary findings indicate greater top-down attentional control may be associated with increases in physical activity. From an applied measurement perspective, preliminary research has found that children with greater aerobic fitness perform better on standardized achievement tests of reading and mathematics, compared to children with lower aerobic fitness, suggesting that exercise may be related to academic performance in an applied school setting. To date, no causal evidence exists regarding the effects of physical activity on neuroelectric, behavioral, or applied school performance indices of cognition in children. Accordingly, this proposal investigates an aerobic physical activity training intervention on these measures of cognition using three tasks (single stimulus, Go/NoGo, flanker) that require variable amounts of executive control, and on the Illinois Standardized Achievement Test using a randomized control design in which particiants are assigned to an afterschool physical activity program or a wait-list control group. Given recent trends identifying decreased levels of physical activity and health status in preadolescents, the understanding of the potential benefits of physical activity on cognition is of great interest. It is imperative that factors positively influencing cognitive function of children be examined to maximize health and effective functioning of individuals as they progress through the lifespan. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: recent trends have identified decreasing levels of physical activity, fitness, and health in preadolescent children. Examining factors, such as physical activity behavior and aerobic fitness that positively influence cognitive health of school-age children are important for improving school performance, maximizing health, and improving the overall functioning of individuals as they progress through the human lifespan. A sample of preadolescent children from the Urbana, Illinois elementary school system will be randomly assigned to a 9- month afterschool program that focuses on either aerobic exercise or wait-list control group to determine the effects of physical activity on basic and applied aspects of cognition. Changes in neuroelectric and behavioral indices of cognitive function and performance on standardized academic achievement tests of mathematics and reading will be examined as a function of participation in the intervention. Preliminary research supports that physical activity is positively associated with basic and applied aspects of cognition, with a stronger relationship for tasks requiring extensive amounts of executive control. However, previous research has mainly focused on older adults, and little research has examined the relationship between physical activity and executive control in children. These findings will provide lifestyle considerations for children to improve their cognitive health across the lifespan.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目的是通过检查9个月的运动干预对青春期前儿童认知的基本和应用方面的影响，提高我们对学龄儿童认知健康相关因素的理解。从基本测量的角度来看，事件相关的脑电位（即，对刺激或反应的反应或准备的神经电活动）和行为（即，反应时间，反应准确性）的认知指数将在几个旨在评估执行控制的各个方面的任务中进行研究（即，与负责感知，记忆和行动的计算过程的选择，调度和协调有关的过程子集）。初步研究发现，相对于低适应的儿童和成人，高适应的表现更快、更有效，使用神经电测量反映对环境刺激的注意力分配（即P3）和反应监测过程（即ERN、Pe），以及反映反应速度和准确性的行为测量。这些初步发现表明，更强的自上而下的注意力控制可能与体力活动的增加有关。从应用测量的角度来看，初步研究发现，与有氧适应度较低的儿童相比，有氧适应度较高的儿童在阅读和数学的标准化成就测试中表现更好，这表明在应用学校环境中，运动可能与学习成绩有关。迄今为止，没有因果证据表明体育活动对儿童认知的神经电、行为或应用学校表现指标的影响。因此，本研究通过三个需要不同执行控制量的任务（单一刺激、Go/NoGo、侧身）来研究有氧运动训练对这些认知测量的干预，并采用随机对照设计对伊利诺伊州标准化成就测试进行研究，其中参与者被分配到课后体育活动项目或等待名单对照组。鉴于最近的趋势，确定在青春期前身体活动水平和健康状况下降，了解身体活动对认知的潜在益处是非常有趣的。必须检查积极影响儿童认知功能的因素，以最大限度地提高个人在整个生命周期中的健康和有效功能。公共卫生相关性：最近的趋势表明，青春期前儿童的身体活动、健身和健康水平正在下降。研究对学龄儿童认知健康有积极影响的身体活动行为和有氧健身等因素，对于提高学习成绩、最大限度地提高健康水平和改善个人在整个生命周期中的整体功能非常重要。来自伊利诺伊州厄巴纳市小学系统的一组学龄前儿童样本将被随机分配到一个为期9个月的课外项目中，该项目侧重于有氧运动或等候名单对照组，以确定体育活动对认知的基本和应用方面的影响。在数学和阅读的标准化学术成就测试中，认知功能和表现的神经电和行为指标的变化将作为参与干预的功能进行检查。初步研究表明，体育活动与认知的基础和应用方面呈正相关，对需要大量执行控制的任务有更强的关系。然而，之前的研究主要集中在老年人身上，很少有研究调查体育活动和儿童执行控制之间的关系。这些发现将为儿童提供生活方式方面的考虑，以改善他们一生中的认知健康。