Sympathetic nervous system mediation of acute exercise effects on childhood brain and cognition

项目摘要/摘要 尽管开展了广泛的公共卫生运动，但儿童越来越不活跃，导致公众 工业化国家儿童的健康问题。除了身体健康问题(例如，最近的 肥胖大流行)，缺乏体力活动与认知和学习成绩下降有关， 大量文献表明，体力活动与大脑和认知呈正相关。这个 这项提议的意义在于发现了一种生物标记物，它将单一回合的有益影响联系起来 有氧运动对儿童大脑、认知和学业成绩的影响。到目前为止，还没有这样的解释 其作用机制已在文献中得到证实。鉴于体力活动对大脑健康的重要性 和认知，我们建议研究交感神经系统(SNS)活动的相移。 生物标志物唾液α-淀粉酶(SAA)作为一种潜在的机制介导单一的 采用随机交叉设计，对儿童的大脑、认知和成就进行一轮锻炼。萨阿才是 在身体和心理社会压力期间阶段性增加，这是“飞行或逃跑”第一波的一部分。 回应。应激诱导的SAA调制与前额叶介导的执行改变有关 儿童的控制功能(即抑制、工作记忆、认知灵活性)和学习成绩。 这项建议旨在研究一轮有氧运动后SAA的相变，并将这些变化联系起来 以测量脑功能(即，事件相关脑电位的P3分量)，执行控制， 以及在阅读和算术的标准化成绩测试中的表现。在这方面，拟议的 这项研究将是第一批调查急性运动诱发的分子基础的研究之一。 儿童认知和大脑的变化通过分子、神经成像、行为和 学业成绩衡量标准。通过收集唾液、神经成像和行为结果 在提议的随机交叉实验中，我们可以开始建立 单次运动对潜在的分子和神经变化的瞬时影响 儿童时期的认知健康和学业成就。发现与我们的一般假设一致， SNS调节运动对大脑、认知和成就的影响，这对 了解导致身体健康、神经认知功能和教育最大化的因素 经验。这种经验支持有利于教育实践和当前的学习方法， 并提供必要的“确凿证据”，以促进学生在上学期间进行锻炼 提高广大儿童的认知健康和学习成绩。因此， 拟议中的研究不仅旨在确定一场比赛的影响的潜在机制 运动对认知和大脑健康的影响，但也有助于遏制正在减少的不运动的公共健康问题 我们国家儿童的健康、健康和学习潜力。

Project Summary/Abstract Despite widespread public health campaigns, children have become increasingly inactive, leading to public health concerns for children of industrialized nations. In addition to physical health issues (e.g., the recent obesity pandemic), physical inactivity has been related to decreased cognitive and academic performance, with a wealth of literature indicating that physical activity is positively related to brain and cognition. The significance of this proposal lies in uncovering a biomarker that links the beneficial effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise to childhood brain, cognition, and academic achievement. To date, no such explanatory mechanism has been demonstrated in the literature. Given the importance of physical activity to brain health and cognition, we propose to investigate phasic shifts in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity using the biomarker salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), as a potential mechanism mediating the beneficial effect of a single bout of exercise on brain, cognition, and achievement in children using a randomized crossover design. sAA is phasically increased during physical and psychosocial stress as part of the first wave of the `fight or flight' response. Stress-induced modulation of sAA has been related to alterations in prefrontally-mediated executive control functions (i.e., inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility) and academic achievement in children. This proposal aims to study phasic shifts in sAA following a bout of aerobic exercise, and relate such changes to measures of brain function (i.e., the P3 component of an event-related brain potential), executive control, and performance on standardized achievement tests of reading and arithmetic. In this regard, the proposed research will be the among the first to investigate the molecular underpinnings of the acute exercise-induced changes in cognition and brain in children through a combination of molecular, neuroimaging, behavioral, and academic achievement measures. Through the collection of salivary, neuroimaging, and behavioral outcomes in the proposed randomized crossover experiments, we can begin to establish the multidimensional nature of the transient effects of a single bout of exercise on the underlying molecular and neural changes that promote cognitive health and academic achievement during childhood. Findings consistent with our general hypothesis, that the SNS mediates exercise effects on brain, cognition, and achievement, has considerable implications for understanding factors that lead to maximizing physical health, neurocognitive function, and the educational experience. Such empirical support stands to benefit educational practices and current methods of learning, and provides the necessary `hard evidence' to promote the adoption of exercise during the school day to improve the cognitive health and scholastic performance of a broad range of children. Accordingly, the proposed research is not only aimed at determining a mechanism underlying the effects of a single bout of exercise on cognitive and brain health, but also at curbing the public health issue of inactivity that is decreasing the health, wellness, and academic potential of our nation's children.