Y CHROMOSOME VARIATION

这项建议的目的是对比调查至少100KB的 来自不同地理来源的50名男性的Y特定序列 发现等于或少于100%的进化稳定多态 记号笔。而单倍体非重组部分的潜力 人类Y染色体以解决与进化有关的问题 现代人的进步早已被认识到，但进展缓慢 因为与生俱来的稀缺性和低效的手段 用来识别这样的标记。最近取得了重大进展 关于多态发现的加速，已经实现了 通过系统地实施创新且具有成本效益的方法， 称为变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)。这个 该方法的强大之处在于其快速比较放大的能力 以自动化的方式进行排序，最终获得了 调查至少500万个碱基对的序列变异。脱氧核糖核酸 数百个碱基对的片段将被扫描以寻找 反映单核苷酸的异源双链的存在或不存在 碱基组成差异。每个基因座的等位基因频率将是 通过对等于或的全球不同集合进行基因分型确定 &gt；500条Y染色体。将构建特定于群体的单倍型 以及与男性的起源、迁徙模式和程度有关的问题- 将解决中介掺合料问题。因此，这应该是可能的 重建一棵详细的人类进化树。

The aim of this proposal is to comparatively survey at least 100 Kb of Y specific sequence in 50 males of diverse geographic origin to discover equal to or less than 100 of evolutionary stable polymorphic markers. While the potential of the haploid, non-recombining portion of the human Y chromosome to address issues concerning the evolution of modern humans has been long recognized, progress has been slow because of an innate scarcity of variation and the inefficient means by which to identify such markers. Recently significant headway concerning the acceleration of polymorphism discovery has been achieved by systematically implementing an innovative and cost efficient method, called denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). The power of the method resides in its ability to rapidly compare amplified sequences in an automated fashion, ultimately granting the opportunity to survey at least 5 million base pairs for sequence variation. DNA fragments several hundred base pairs in length will be scanned for the presence or absence of heteroduplexes, which reflect single-nucleotide base composition differences. Allele frequencies at each locus will be determined by genotyping a globally diverse collection of equal to or > 500 Y chromosomes. Population specific haplotypes will be constructed and issues relating to origins, migration patterns and degrees of male- mediated admixture will be addressed. Consequently, it should possible to reconstruct a detailed human evolutionary tree.