CYTOKINES IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

胞质分裂，即一个母细胞分裂成两个子体，是一个 在最基本的细胞过程中，人们对它知之甚少。 胞质分裂的调节和执行是所有方面的中心。 与动物发育和癌症等许多病理因素有关。动物 细胞胞质分裂涉及赤道的进行性收缩 环状，而植物细胞胞质分裂涉及细胞的组装 隔膜上的板材(主轴中体的特化)。 这些机制中的每一个都被认为是不同的。在这 建议假设动物细胞的终末阶段 胞质分裂实际上使用了与植物中使用的类似的机制 胞质分裂。在这个观点中，胞质分裂由两个阶段组成：一个 独立于任何中体微管的初始起皱阶段 以及终端阶段，该终端阶段包括中间体装置 最后，以一种方式夹住并分离两个子细胞 类似于植物的膜质的功能。有建议说 通过研究胞质分裂的末期来探索这一假说 在秀丽隐杆线虫中使用细胞生物学， 结构和遗传策略。研究的三个主要领域是 建议：1)研究Septins在晚期胞质分裂中的作用。胡萝卜素 最初被鉴定为必需的一类结构蛋白 用于萌芽酵母(没有分裂沟)的胞质分裂 并随后被证明是动物细胞胞质分裂所必需的。它 建议通过反义基因研究Septins的作用 葡聚糖素的失活、超微结构定位 正常胚胎细胞纺锤体中段的微管 以及那些在晚期失败的突变体 胞质分裂与Septin突变体抑制子或增强子的分离 以便识别相互作用的蛋白质。2)对可能性的研究 钙调素和肌球蛋白轻链激酶在细胞周期调控中的作用 利用特定的可光激活物质进行胞质分裂的晚期 这些蛋白质的抑制剂。这些抑制剂将在 纺锤体中部区域。3)研究以确定分泌物是否 是细胞质分裂的终末阶段所必需的 身体中部附近有分泌物的证据 超微结构水平，并通过阻断药物的分泌来查看 这扰乱了细胞质分裂的后期。

Cytokinesis, the cleavage of a mother cell into two daughters, is one of the most fundamental cellular processes yet it is poorly understood. The regulation and execution of cytokinesis are central to all aspects of animal development and to many pathologies such as cancer. Animal cell cytokinesis involves the progressive constriction of an equatorial ring whereas plant cell cytokinesis involves the assembly of a cell plate on a phragmoplast (a specialization of the spindle mid-body). Each of these mechanisms has been considered to be distinct. In this proposal it is hypothesized that the terminal phase of animal cell cytokinesis in fact uses a similar mechanism to that used in plant cytokinesis. In this view, cytokinesis consists of two phases: an initial furrowing phase that is independent of any mid-body microtubules and a terminal phase that involves the mid-body apparatus acting to finally pinch off and separate the two daughter cells in a manner analogous to the function of the phragmoplast of plants. It is proposed to explore this hypothesis by studying the terminal phase of cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans using a combination of cell biological, structural and genetic strategies. Three main areas of study are proposed: 1) Studies of the role of septins in late cytokinesis. Septins are a class of structural protein initially identified as being required for cytokinesis in budding yeast (which do not have cleavage furrows) and subsequently shown to be required for animal cell cytokinesis. It is proposed to investigate the role of septins by antisense gene inactivation, ultrastructural localization of septins with respect to the microtubules of the spindle mid-body in normal embryonic cells together with those of mutants that fail in the late phase of cytokinesis, and isolation of suppressors or enhancers of septin mutants in order to identify interacting proteins. 2) Studies of the possible roles of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase in the regulation of the late phase of cytokinesis by the use of specific photoactivatable inhibitors of these proteins. The inhibitors will be photoactivated in the spindle mid-body region. 3) Studies to determine whether secretion is required for the terminal phase of cytokinesis by looking for evidence of secretion in the vicinity of the mid-body at an ultrastructural level and by blocking secretion by drugs to see whether this perturbs the late phase of cytokinesis.