OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS AND PATHOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

这笔拨款的长期目标是加深对 产科并发症(OCS)的病因作用及其与 精神分裂症患者的脑和神经心理异常。如果OCS是 被证明具有重要的病因学意义，它可能有重要的健康 含义，通过显著增加关于改进的知识 这种疾病的治疗和最终的初级预防是基础的。 具体目的是调查这些变量之间的关系， 使用研究和方法，涉及到获取关于 (A)120名20/45岁精神分裂症先证者的出生和怀孕情况，(B) 120名心理正常的先证者在年龄，性别， 种族和利手，以及(C)120名精神分裂症先证者的 同样匹配的非精神病兄弟姐妹。诊断将使用DSM-IV 基于结构化诊断性访谈(SCID)的标准，补充 通过图表查看。OC分数将通过申请已公布的 从受试者的访谈中对产科信息进行评分 母亲，以及产科记录。OC、诊断和 神经心理测试评估将带着尊重盲目进行 相互之间以及对MRI(磁共振成像)体积 测量关键的大脑区域，包括颞叶和额叶皮质， 海马体、杏仁核和丘脑。 我们将测试OC分数显著更差的假设，以及 精神分裂症患者关键脑区体积明显低于 要么是正常对照，要么是病人的兄弟姐妹。我们还将测试 OC分数是否与大脑关键区域的体积有关 或在特定类型的神经心理测试中的表现。 “双因素”病因模型的关键预测，在该模型中，OCS通常 与家庭危险因素相互作用会产生精神分裂症，也会 接受测试。

The long-term objective of this grant is to advance understanding of the etiologic role of obstetric complications (OCs), and their relation to brain and neuropsychological abnormalities in schizophrenia. If OCs are shown to be etiologically significant it could have important health implications, by adding significantly to the knowledge on which improved treatment, and ultimately primary prevention, of the disorder are based. The specific aims are to investigate relations among these variables, using a research and methods that involve obtaining OC data on the births and pregnancies of (a) 120 schizophrenic probands aged 20/45, (b) 120 psychiatrically normal control probands matched for age, gender, ethnicity, and handedness, and (c) 120 of the schizophrenic probands' similarly matched non-psychotic siblings. Diagnoses will use DSM-IV criteria, based on structured diagnostic-interviews (SCID), supplemented by chart review. OC scores will be obtained by applying published rating scales to obstetrical information from interviews with subjects' mothers, as well as from obstetrical records. OC, diagnostic, and neuropsychological test assessments will be made blindly with respect to each other and to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) volumetric measures of key brain regions, including temporal and frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. We will test hypotheses that OC scores are significantly worse, and the volumes of key brain regions significantly lower, in schizophrenics than 'm either normal controls or patients' own siblings. We will also test whether OC scores are associated with the volume of key brain regions or with performance on particular types of neuropsychological tests. Key predictions of a "two-factor" etiologic model, in which OCs often interact with familial risk factors to produce schizophrenia, will also be tested.