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The Changing Production Ecology of Pre-school Television in Britain

英国学前电视生产生态的变化

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G003572/1
负责人：
Jeanette Steemers
金额：
$ 3.51万
依托单位：
University of Westminster
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG003572%2F1
关键词：
Changing Production Ecology Pre Television

项目摘要

This project investigates the changing production ecology of UK preschool TV in the light of developments since the mid-1990s, a period that coincides with the international success of programmes like Teletubbies and Bob the Builder. Drawing on interviews with producers, commissioners and buyers combined with observations in a range of production environments, the research seeks to articulate and establish the complex internal and external factors that determine preschool production. It will show how key players manage/creatively negotiate these wider commercial, regulatory, cultural and technological forces and the implications for content.This research is timely in view of the UK's recent international successes in preschool and the emergence of domestic (CBeebies) and internationally branded preschool channels (Nick Jr, Playhouse Disney). Government and industry reports regularly identify preschool TV as an important contributor to exports, and international success has foregrounded the growth of key players (Chorion, Entertainment Rights, HIT Entertainment) who generate substantial revenues from programme-related products. Yet the project's timing also coincides with a perceived crisis in children's TV following a ban on advertising for HFSS (high fat sugar salt) foods around programming targeted at children, and the reduced commitment of ITV to commissioning content and transmitting children's shows on its terrestrial service ITV 1. This contrast between international success and domestic crisis provides a compelling rationale for further investigation. However, although preschool TV has been identified as a fruitful source of inquiry, there has been no recent analysis of UK preschool TV and the practices and forces that shape its development, in contrast to work on children's TV generally and substantial effects literature. Within the broader setting of cultural production this research asks the following:- How, why and to what extent has the production ecology of preschool TV changed since the mid-1990s?- What range of forces shape and affect the organisation and production of preschool TV?- How do programme-makers and those involved in the commissioning/acquisition of preschool content manage/creatively negotiate the wider commercial, cultural, regulatory and technological forces that affect production?- How does this combination of external forces and internal strategies impact the nature of what is produced?To meet the project's aims the research will satisfy the following objectives:- A contextualisation of preschool tv with reference to its history, structure, institutional relationships, working operations, professional practices and place within a changing international market - The identification of trends in respect of policy, content, commissioning, scheduling, channel provision, and organisational change. - An overview, identification and assessment of key players and their strategies including broadcasters, satellite channels, production companies and international partners. - An overview of export and ancillary markets (DVD, consumer products) and their impact on production strategies. - An analysis of programme samples produced and broadcast since 1995 to understand how changes in ecology are reflected in programme content- An assessment of the future of preschool in view of technological change and the emergence of new media platforms. By placing the changing relationships and dependencies that constitute the changing production ecology at the heart of the analysis, the research contributes to a more rounded picture of preschool TV. The publication of the monograph Little Kids TV: The Changing Production Ecology of preschool TV for Palgrave Macmillan will benefit those within academia and the production community who wish to better understand how preschool concepts are generated, adapted, produced and exploited to meet a complex set of market and cultural priorities.

该项目调查了英国学前电视的生产生态变化，自20世纪90年代中期以来的发展，这一时期恰逢天线宝宝和鲍勃的建设者等节目的国际成功。通过对生产者，专员和买家的采访，结合对一系列生产环境的观察，研究旨在阐明和建立决定学前生产的复杂的内部和外部因素。它将展示关键参与者如何管理/创造性地谈判这些更广泛的商业，监管，文化和技术力量以及对内容的影响。鉴于英国最近在学前教育方面的国际成功以及国内（CBeebies）和国际品牌学前教育频道（Nick Jr，Playhouse迪士尼）的出现，这项研究是及时的。政府和行业报告经常将学前电视确定为出口的重要贡献者，国际成功已经成为主要参与者（Chorion，娱乐权，HIT娱乐）的增长前景，这些参与者从节目相关产品中获得了大量收入。然而，该项目的时间也恰逢儿童电视的危机，因为禁止在针对儿童的节目中为HFSS（高脂肪糖盐）食品做广告，以及ITV减少了在其地面服务ITV 1上委托内容和传输儿童节目的承诺。国际成功与国内危机之间的这种反差为进一步的调查提供了令人信服的理由。然而，虽然学前电视已被确定为一个富有成效的调查来源，一直没有最近的分析英国学前电视和塑造其发展的做法和力量，在儿童电视工作一般和大量的影响文学。在更广泛的文化生产背景下，本研究提出了以下问题：-自20世纪90年代中期以来，学前电视的生产生态如何，为什么以及在多大程度上发生了变化？什么范围的力量塑造和影响学前电视的组织和生产？节目制作者和参与学前内容委托/收购的人如何管理/创造性地谈判影响生产的更广泛的商业，文化，监管和技术力量？这种外部力量和内部战略的结合如何影响产品的性质？为了实现该项目的目标，研究将满足以下目标：-参考其历史，结构，机构关系，工作操作，专业实践和不断变化的国际市场中的位置，学前电视的情境化-在政策，内容，委托，时间表，频道提供和组织变化方面的趋势识别。- 概述、确定和评估主要参与者及其战略，包括广播公司、卫星频道、制作公司和国际合作伙伴。- 概述出口和辅助市场（DVD、消费品）及其对生产战略的影响。- 分析自1995年以来制作和播放的节目样本，以了解生态变化如何反映在节目内容中-鉴于技术变革和新媒体平台的出现，评估学前教育的未来。通过将不断变化的关系和依赖关系，构成了不断变化的生产生态分析的核心，研究有助于更全面的画面学龄前电视。出版专着《小孩子电视：帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦学前电视不断变化的生产生态》将使学术界和生产界的人受益，他们希望更好地了解学前概念是如何产生、适应、生产和利用的，以满足一系列复杂的市场和文化优先事项。