COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF LONG-TERM MARIJUANA USE

长期吸食大麻的认知后果

• 批准号: 2898032
• 负责人: HARRISON G POPE
• 金额: $ 33.52万
• 依托单位: MCLEAN HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2898032
• 关键词: blood tests; cannabinoids; chronic disease /disorder; clearance rate; clinical research; cognition disorders; drug withdrawal; gender difference; human subject; interview; marijuana abuse; neuropsychological tests; psychopharmacology; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; urinalysis

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Among the health and medical consequences of long-term marijuana use, the possibility of residual neuropsychological effects - such as impairments of attention, memory and other cognitive functions - remains an area of concern. But these effects are still poorly understood because of the methodological limitations of existing studies. Specifically, many studies have examined marijuana users with only modest total lifetime exposure to the drug, and, thus, are at risk for a type II error - failing to detect an effect if one in fact exists. Of the remaining studies which have examined users with substantial exposure, most tested users after only 24-48 hours of abstinence from marijuana and in many cases the abstinence period was not supervised. Thus, any deficits observed may have simply reflected a residue of recently smoked cannabinoids in the brain, or alternatively, acute withdrawal effects from abrupt discontinuation of marijuana. Therefore, further study is clearly required to resolve the question of whether long-term marijuana use produces clinically meaningful residual neurotoxicity. The study proposed in this application seeks to address the methodological problems of earlier investigations in several ways. First, the investigators will study individuals who have smoked marijuana at least 5000 times (the equivalent of smoking once per day for 13.7 years) in order to minimize the risk of a type II error as described above. Second, users will receive serial neuropsychological tests over the course of a 28-day period of abstinence from marijuana and other drugs, monitored by daily observed urine collections. This technique will allow the investigators to distinguish between temporary impairment due either to a residue of drug or to withdrawal effects, and prolonged impairment due to frank neurotoxicity. A feasibility study, performed by the investigators, has demonstrated that it is possible to recruit substantial numbers of long-term heavy marijuana users (mean lifetime number of episodes of smoking = 19,000), age 30 to 54, of both genders and a range of ethnic and socioeconomic groups, who would be willing to participate in a study of this proposed design. A battery of neuropsychological tests, many of which have already been used by the investigators in a previous study of marijuana effects in college students, has been chosen to assess a wide range of cortical functions, including particularly the attentional/executive functions found impaired in previous studies of marijuana users at this center and others. Additional neuropsychological tests of the investigators' own design and additional analyses of serial urine and blood samples at the Addiction Research Center in Baltimore, MD, will provide further data on the relationship between marijuana use, cannabinoid levels and various types of possible neuropsychological effects. Given the widespread use of marijuana among contemporary Americans, these results should provide important information for legislative and regulatory bodies concerned with this drug.

描述：（申请人的摘要） 在长期使用大麻的健康和医疗后果中， 残留神经心理学作用的可能性 - 例如 注意，记忆和其他认知功能 - 仍然是 忧虑。 但是，由于 现有研究的方法论局限性。 具体来说，许多研究 已经检查了大麻使用者，只有适中的总终身暴露于 该药物，因此有II型错误的风险 - 无法检测到 如果实际上存在效果。 其余研究的研究 经验丰富的用户，大多数经过24-48小时后测试的用户 大麻的禁欲，在许多情况下，禁欲期不是 监督。 因此，观察到的任何缺陷都可以简单地反映了残基 最近烟熏大麻素或急性的大脑中的大麻素 大麻的突然停产而撤回效果。 所以， 显然需要进一步研究，以解决是否是否 长期使用大麻会产生临床意义的残留 神经毒性。 本申请中提出的研究旨在解决方法论 以多种方式进行调查的问题。 首先， 调查人员将研究吸烟至少5000大麻的人 时间（相当于每天吸烟一次13。7年） 如上所述，最小化II型误差的风险。 其次，用户将 在28天的时间内接受串行神经心理学测试 大麻和其他药物的禁欲，每天观察到 尿液收集。 该技术将使调查人员能够 区分由于药物残留或 由于坦率的神经毒性而导致的戒断效应，并长期损害。 研究人员进行的一项可行性研究表明 可以招募大量的长期重大麻 用户（吸烟的平均寿命次数= 19,000），年龄30至54岁， 在性别以及一系列种族和社会经济群体中 愿意参与对这一拟议设计的研究。 电池 神经心理学测试，其中许多已经被 研究人员在先前对大学生大麻效应的研究中， 已选择评估广泛的皮质功能，包括 特别是在以前发现的注意力/行政功能受损 该中心和其他人的大麻使用者的研究。 额外的 研究人员自己的设计和其他的神经心理测试 在成瘾研究中心的系列尿液和血液样本的分析 在马里兰州巴尔的摩，将提供有关之间关系的进一步数据 大麻使用，大麻素水平和各种类型 神经心理学效应。 鉴于在当代美国人中广泛使用大麻，这些 结果应为立法和监管提供重要信息 与这种药物有关的身体。