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Tradition in Early Modernity: romanticism, nationhood and the invention of the 'English' house, 1780 - 1840

现代早期的传统：浪漫主义、民族主义和“英国”房屋的发明，1780 - 1840

基本信息

批准号：
AH/H034188/1
负责人：
Daniel Maudlin
金额：
$ 3.34万
依托单位：
Plymouth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH034188%2F1
关键词：
Tradition Early Modernity romanticism nationhood

项目摘要

Tradition in Early Modernity will examine the invention of traditional 'English' domestic architecture in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as a counterpoint to, and refuge from, early modernity. The project aims to establish the impact of romanticism and picturesque theory across the built environment, the spectrum of English (excluding Scotland, Ireland, Wales) domestic architecture including the anonymous and everyday. The project will tease out the theoretical, formal and cultural threads that precipitated the invention of the traditional 'English' house and will seek to assess its impact upon the English built environment. Prior to nineteenth century pan-European national historicism, the Arts and Crafts Movement and twentieth-century inter-war Mock-Tudor, traditionalism in British housing design first emerged out of the architectural theory and design practice of national romanticism and the rural picturesque: 'a manifestation of the nation's coming to being as a system of cultural significance within modernity' (Bhabha, 1990). These intellectual movements responded to the Enlightenment's universalist progressive rationalism and the social and environmental changes of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, rural flight and urban growth, through a new cultural reverence for a notional rural past as a place of national identity. In architectural design, this romantic conception of nationhood was (is) represented through the reproduction of the forms, materials and construction details of traditional rural buildings. The picturesque celebrated the irregularity and variety of vernacular buildings and took an amoral aesthetic pleasure in scenes of rural poverty and material decay (Macarthur, 1997). Proto-romantic English theories of the picturesque such as Udevale Price's Essay on the Picturesque sought to emphasise the specific aesthetics of place, including local building traditions, over universal, European, standards of taste. British National Romanticism further emphasised the significance of place in the formation of cultural identity and looked to rural folk traditions, including cottages, mills and farmhouses, as a source of inspiration and place of salvation (Curran, 2007; Porter and Teich, 1988). Modernity and tradition were fused in a set of complex interrelationships characterized by ambiguity and fluidity and tradition has subsequently maintained a presence within post-romantic modernity; what Ananda Roy has described as the 'corrupting impact of history upon modernity' (Roy, 2000). Tradition can be better understood not in terms of opposition but as a creative, adaptive and reflective process within modernity (Asquith and Vellinga, 2006; Bronner, 2006). Tradition in Early Modernity is an original interdisciplinary research project that will draw upon literary studies, cultural theory, vernacular (folk) studies, and architectural and design history; cross-referencing contemporary critical writings on tradition, identity and place with eighteenth/nineteenth century primary sources within a fieldwork-based historical study. Research will be divided between the archival study of treatises and pattern books at the British Library and field studies of extant houses (with particular reference to the South West which saw extensive estate and early suburban villa building activity in this period; to be compared with suburban villas of early industrial northern cities). While including the works of relevant architects it is a study of the invention of an 'English' domestic architecture not a conventional canonical study. The project will link current research on the eighteenth (Design History, 2009) and twentieth centuries (TDSR and JAE, 2009) and bring to fruition the wider project: Tradition in Modernity, 1700 - 2000.

早期现代性中的传统将考察18世纪末和19世纪初传统“英国”国内建筑的发明，作为早期现代性的对比和避难所。该项目旨在建立浪漫主义和风景如画的理论在建筑环境中的影响，英国（不包括苏格兰，爱尔兰，威尔士）国内建筑的频谱，包括匿名和日常。该项目将梳理出促成传统“英国”房屋发明的理论、形式和文化线索，并将寻求评估其对英国建筑环境的影响。在19世纪泛欧洲民族历史主义、工艺美术运动和20世纪两次世界大战之间的仿都铎式建筑之前，英国住宅设计中的传统主义首先出现在民族浪漫主义和乡村风景如画的建筑理论和设计实践中：“民族在现代性中作为一种文化意义体系而存在的表现”（Bhabha，1990）。这些知识运动回应了启蒙运动的普遍进步理性主义，以及农业和工业革命的社会和环境变化，农村人口的逃离和城市的发展，通过一种新的文化崇敬，将概念上的农村过去作为民族认同的地方。在建筑设计中，这种浪漫的民族观念通过再现传统乡村建筑的形式、材料和建筑细节来表现。风景如画的地方庆祝了当地建筑的不规则性和多样性，并在农村贫困和物质衰败的场景中获得了一种非道德的审美乐趣（麦克阿瑟，1997）。原始浪漫主义的英国风景如画的理论，如Udevale Price的《风景如画论》，试图强调地方的特殊美学，包括当地的建筑传统，而不是普遍的欧洲品味标准。英国民族浪漫主义进一步强调地点在文化认同形成中的重要性，并将乡村民间传统，包括小屋、米尔斯和农舍，视为灵感的源泉和救赎的地方（Curran，2007; Porter和Teich，1988）。现代性和传统融合在一系列复杂的相互关系中，这些关系的特点是模糊性和流动性，传统随后在后浪漫主义现代性中保持了存在;阿南达·罗伊将其描述为“历史对现代性的腐蚀性影响”（罗伊，2000）。传统不应该被理解为对立，而应该被理解为现代性中的创造性、适应性和反思性过程（阿斯奎斯和Vellinga，2006; Bronner，2006）。早期现代性的传统是一个原创的跨学科研究项目，将借鉴文学研究，文化理论，白话（民间）研究，以及建筑和设计史;交叉引用当代传统，身份和地点的批判性著作与十八/十九世纪基于实地考察的历史研究中的主要来源。研究将分为大英图书馆的论文和模式书籍的档案研究和现存房屋的实地研究（特别是西南地区，在这一时期看到了广泛的房地产和早期郊区别墅建设活动;与早期工业北方城市的郊区别墅进行比较）。虽然包括相关建筑师的作品，但它是对“英国”家庭建筑发明的研究，而不是传统的规范研究。该项目将把当前对18世纪（设计史，2009）和20世纪（TDSR和JAE，2009）的研究联系起来，并实现更广泛的项目：现代性中的传统，1700 - 2000。