The Virtual Acoustics and Auralization Database

虚拟声学和可听化数据库

• 批准号: AH/H036938/1
• 负责人: Damian Murphy
• 金额: $ 13.97万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH036938%2F1
• 关键词: Virtual; Acoustics; Auralization; Database

The buildings we inhabit everyday affect us all in terms of how we communicate, project our voice, listen to our environment, and respond to excessive noise. The sound of the built environment and good acoustic design is critical in modern architectural practice and this is in part based on a clear understanding of what has gone before, hence the fascination with, for example, the great concert halls and opera houses of Europe and their influence on modern design practices. More recently there has also been interest in the research and preservation of the acoustics of heritage sites which presents additional opportunities for both understanding and interpretation of the past as well as developing new audiences for work of this nature through novel virtual reality style interaction. Acoustic data also provides additional opportunities to inform issues relating to preservation and measurement of degradation or change over time. A key example being the destruction by fire of the Gran Teatro La Fenice in Venice in 1996, and its subsequent restoration, where acoustic measurements taken just prior to the fire played a key role in the acoustic redesign. The main application for this data however is in music production, where the acoustic effects of real spaces, played back around a listener or audience over many loudspeakers presents exciting, dramatic and highly realistic acoustic environments in which recorded musical works can be contextualised.Developments in measuring the acoustics of concert halls and opera houses have resulted in standardised methods of impulse response capture for a wide variety of auralization applications. The impulse response is the acoustic fingerprint for a given space and uniquely defines its acoustic characteristics for particular sound source and listener positions. From these measurements objective acoustic parameters, as used in the design process can be determined. The result can also be used to create a virtual acoustic representation of the space so that a listener can experience the same aural sensations remotely as if they were actually there - this is what auralization is, a term derived as the audio equivalent to visualisation. These techniques are now commonly used in both architectural acoustics and in the field of acoustic archaeology (archeoacoustics). Measurements of existing real environments can be further extended by analogous techniques employed for virtual sites that only exist as part of a 3D computer model - these latter techniques are highly applicable in the field of acoustic archaeology where an existing site may have little resemblance to how it looked or sounded at the height of its use.Researchers at York currently have extensive acoustic survey data for 12 actual sites and 2 3D computer models. This work was initiated through an AHRB/ACE Science/Heritage Fellowship in 2004 but to date only a small part of this work has been made more widely available. The aim of this project is to produce a sustainable online repository for this data and a more general resource for research in virtual acoustics. This will consist of a database of high-resolution acoustic impulse responses for sites across and beyond the UK, starting with the 14 that have currently already been completed. These measurements will be supported with software to enable third parties to conduct their own acoustic surveys, upload the impulse responses obtained and audition the final results using specially recorded anechoic audio material that will also be made available.This resource will have significant impact in music production as well as in the fields of architectural/archaeological acoustic studies. There will also be related impact in the field of audio engineering where auralization and its effective delivery to the listener are key issues relating to, for example, the development of interactive entertainment and communication, high definition television, and computer game audio development.

我们每天居住的建筑物影响着我们所有人的沟通方式、声音表达方式、倾听环境的声音以及对过度噪音的反应。建筑环境的声音和良好的声学设计在现代建筑实践中至关重要，这在一定程度上基于对过去的清晰理解，因此对欧洲伟大的音乐厅和歌剧院等的迷恋及其对现代设计实践的影响。最近，人们对遗产地的声学研究和保护也产生了兴趣，这为理解和解释过去提供了额外的机会，并通过新颖的虚拟现实风格互动为此类性质的作品开发新的受众。声学数据还提供了额外的机会来了解与保存和测量退化或随时间变化有关的问题。一个重要的例子是 1996 年威尼斯凤凰大剧院 (Gran Teatro La Fenice) 被火灾摧毁，以及随后的修复，火灾前进行的声学测量在声学重新设计中发挥了关键作用。然而，这些数据的主要应用是在音乐制作中，其中通过许多扬声器在听众或观众周围播放的真实空间的声学效果呈现出令人兴奋的、戏剧性的和高度真实的声学环境，在其中可以将录制的音乐作品置于语境中。测量音乐厅和歌剧院的声学效果的发展已经产生了用于各种可听化应用的脉冲响应捕获的标准化方法。脉冲响应是给定空间的声学指纹，并且唯一地定义了特定声源和听者位置的声学特性。根据这些测量，可以确定设计过程中使用的客观声学参数。结果还可以用于创建空间的虚拟声学表示，以便听众可以远程体验相同的听觉感觉，就好像他们真的在那里一样——这就是可听化，这个术语源自与可视化相同的音频。这些技术现在普遍用于建筑声学和声学考古学（考古声学）领域。对现有真实环境的测量可以通过仅作为 3D 计算机模型一部分存在的虚拟场地所采用的类似技术来进一步扩展 - 这些技术非常适用于声学考古学领域，其中现有场地可能与其在使用高峰期的外观或声音几乎没有相似之处。约克大学的研究人员目前拥有 12 个实际场地和 2 个 3D 计算机模型的广泛声学调查数据。这项工作是 2004 年通过 AHRB/ACE 科学/遗产奖学金发起的，但迄今为止，这项工作只有一小部分得到了更广泛的应用。该项目的目的是为这些数据创建一个可持续的在线存储库，并为虚拟声学研究提供更通用的资源。这将包括英国境内外站点的高分辨率声脉冲响应数据库，首先是目前已完成的 14 个站点。这些测量将得到软件的支持，使第三方能够进行自己的声学调查，上传获得的脉冲响应，并使用也将提供的专门录制的消声音频材料试听最终结果。该资源将对音乐制作以及建筑/考古声学研究领域产生重大影响。音频工程领域也将产生相关影响，其中可听化及其向听众的有效传递是与交互式娱乐和通信、高清电视和计算机游戏音频开发等发展相关的关键问题。

项目成果

Exploring cultural heritage through acoustic digital reconstructions

通过声学数字重建探索文化遗产

• DOI: 10.1063/pt.3.4633
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physics Today
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Katz B

Modeling Sparsely Reflecting Outdoor Acoustic Scenes Using the Waveguide Web

使用波导网对稀疏反射的室外声学场景进行建模

• DOI: 10.1109/taslp.2017.2699424
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
• 作者: Stevens F

OpenAIR: An Interactive Auralization Web Resource and Database

OpenAIR：交互式可听网络资源和数据库

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: Shelley S

Acoustic Heritage and Audio Creativity: the Creative Application of Sound in the Representation, Understanding and Experience of Past Environments

声学遗产与音频创造力：声音在过去环境的表征、理解和体验中的创造性应用

• DOI: 10.11141/ia.44.12
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Internet Archaeology
• 作者: Murphy D

OpenAIR: An Online Auralization Resource with Applications for Game Audio Development

OpenAIR：带有游戏音频开发应用程序的在线可听资源

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Shelley S