LYMPHOMAGENESIS OF O6-METHYLGUANINE

内源性治疗和环境甲基化试剂O6- 甲基鸟嘌呤[06 mg]DNA加合物，已被认为与人类有关 致癌物质。在这笔赠款的上一个资助期内， 研究人员已经证明了O6mG DNA加合物在 MNU对小鼠淋巴瘤的诱导作用。转基因表达 DNA修复蛋白O6-烷基鸟嘌呤DNA烷基转移酶 去除O6mG DNA加合物可显著降低淋巴肿大的风险， 表明O6mG是MNU形成的主要致癌加合物。 在这项建议中，O6mG DNA加合物在癌症发生中的作用将 通过研究错配修复系统的参与来重新评估 在致癌过程中。O6-Mg：T的错配修复识别 错误配对会导致单链断裂、染色体重排和 像差。然而，在此之前，O6-mg的致癌作用 被认为完全是由于G到A点突变，因为O6-mg 在DNA合成过程中优先与胸腺嘧啶错配。这个 有待检验的假设是，在错配修复能力强的小鼠中， 染色体重排在癌症的发生中很重要，而在 错配修复缺陷小鼠，致癌通过G到 一个点突变。在第一个特定目标中，转基因小鼠 两种错配修复蛋白PMS2或MSH2中的一种存在缺陷 用MNU治疗，随后进行肿瘤诱导。因为这是一个标志 错配修复突变的原因是甲基化缺乏细胞毒性 药剂，更多的细胞将存活与持久的O6-mg DNA加合物/ 导致G到A点突变。因此，更多的发病率 MNU诱导的肿瘤是可望的。这些肿瘤将被分析以 确定不匹配修复缺陷是否影响类型和 肿瘤发病率、染色体畸变率和G-to K-ras基因A点突变。特异靶向2，MNU治疗RAG2 将利用基因敲除小鼠。RAG2小鼠不能经历 V(D)J关节形成，不能产生成熟的T细胞 重排的T细胞受体。然而，令人惊讶的是，初步数据 提示RAG2小鼠对MNU诱导的淋巴瘤易感 这些细胞含有T细胞受体重排。因此，特定的目标 2将定义MNU诱导T细胞受体的能力 RAG2基因敲除小鼠的重排导致淋巴肿大。这个 调查人员提出，O6mG可以绕过RAG2缺陷 加合物介导的错配修复系统的激活导致 T细胞受体基因座的染色体重排。整体而言 这些研究的目标是了解复杂的致癌物质 甲基化试剂的途径和DNA修复对细胞生长的影响 进程。

Endogenous therapeutic and environmental methylating agents form O6- methylguanine [06mG] DNA adducts, which have been implicated as human carcinogens. During the previous funding period for this grant, the investigators have shown the importance of O6mG DNA adducts in the induction of lymphoma in mice treated with MNU. Transgenic expression of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase which removes O6mG DNA adducts markedly reduce the risk of lymphomagenesis, indicating the O6mG is the dominant carcinogenic adduct formed by MNU. In this proposal, the role of O6mG DNA adducts in carcinogenesis will be reassessed by studying the involvement of the mismatch repair system in the carcinogenic process. Mismatch repair recognition of O6-mG:T mispairs leads to single strand breaks, chromosomal rearrangements and aberrations. Previously, however, carcinogenesis of O6-mG has been thought to be entirely due to G to A point mutations because the O6-mG preferentially mispairs with thymine during DNA synthesis. The hypothesis to be tested is that in mismatch repair competent mice, chromosomal rearrangements are important in carcinogenesis whereas in mismatch repair defective mice, carcinogenesis precedes through G to A point mutations. In the first Specific Aim, transgenic mice defective in one of two mismatch repair proteins, PMS2 or MSH2 will be treated with MNU and followed for induction of tumors. Since a hallmark of mismatch repair mutation is the lack of cytotoxicity of methylating agents, more cells will survive with persistent O6-mG DNA adducts/ resulting in G to A point mutations. Thus, an increased incidence of MNU induced tumors is expected. These tumors will be analyzed to determine whether mismatch repair defects influence the type and incidence of tumors, the presence of chromosomal aberrations and G to A point mutations in K-ras. In Specific Aim 2, MNU treatment of RAG2 knockout mice will be utilized. RAG2 mice are incapable of undergoing V(D)J joint formation and are unable to produce mature T-cells with rearranged T-cell receptors. Surprisingly, however, preliminary data indicates that RAG2 mice are susceptible to MNU induction of lymphomas and these contain T-cell receptor rearrangements. Thus, Specific Aim 2 will define the ability of MNU to induce T-cell receptor rearrangements in RAG2 knockout mice leading to lymphomagenesis. The investigators propose that the RAG2 defect can be bypassed by O6mG adduct mediated activation of the mismatch repair system leading to chromosomal rearrangements at the T-cell receptor locus. The overall goal of these studies is to understand the complex carcinogenic pathways of methylating agents and the impact of DNA repair on the process.