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Vanishing Worlds: Russian Exile Culture in Paris under the Nazis

消失的世界：纳粹统治下巴黎的俄罗斯流亡文化

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J003972/1
负责人：
Siggy Frank
金额：
$ 4.05万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ003972%2F1
关键词：
Vanishing Worlds Russian Exile Culture

项目摘要

'Vanishing Worlds' focuses on the cultural production (e.g. literature, theatre, journalism, music) of the Russian emigration in Paris during the German occupation of 1940-44. In tracing the course of Russian culture during a period of great upheaval and uncertainty the project aims to establish how Russian cultural activities came to reflect shifts in cultural and national identities and the conflicting loyalties of the Russian diaspora in occupied France. Thematically, the project follows what are three interrelated strands of history, narrative and authorship: reconstructing Russian cultural life under German occupation in Paris; examining the subsequent creation of collective and personal narratives of this history within the Russian émigré community; and discussing how archival collections are more than just repositories of empirical evidence, and are also part of the historical narrative shaped by a variety of authorial voices and personal agendas. Taken together, these three thematic strands examine the interplay between different authorial and narrative agents in the creation of both complementary and competing historical narratives. With the beginning of the German occupation of France in June 1940, the Russian emigration in Paris, a 50,000 strong community which had established itself there subsequent to the Bolshevik revolution and the end of the Russian civil war, entered a phase of ideological and cultural reorientation. The attitude of the Russian émigrés towards the German occupier was complicated by the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, after which the Germans came to be seen as both liberators and enemies of a true (i.e. non-Soviet) Russia. Initial reticence on the part of the émigré community to engage in and with cultural initiatives was followed by a period of intense cultural activity (1942-44), when émigrés took advantage of a new direction in policy from the German Military Command that encouraged controlled cultural activities among the émigré community. These initiatives included the establishment of three Russian theatres, literary readings, concerts and cabarets and the publication of a new Russian émigré newspaper, the German-funded Paris Herald (Parizhskii vestnik). Looking at individual acts of remembering (diaries, reports, letters) as well as public and artistic responses to the time of the Occupation, the project examines the processes by which Russian émigrés arrived at various narratives which sought to make sense of the individual and collective experience of the Occupation. Identifying and contrasting the different narrative strands which unite individual and collective experiences of the Second World War, this project investigates the relationship between memory and forgetting, narratives of suffering and sacrifice, and the relationship between memory and the construction of national identities in the Russian émigré community in Paris. 'Vanishing Worlds' also examines the crucial role that archives themselves play in shaping our understanding of Russian émigré culture under Occupation. The project looks at how the major archives of the Russian emigration (e.g. the Bakhmeteff Archive at Columbia University, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Culture in Moscow) are themselves an integral part of the story. This study examines the status of archives not just as repositories of historical facts but also as progenitors of historical narratives.

“消失的世界”关注的是1940-44年德国占领期间在巴黎的俄罗斯移民的文化生产（如文学、戏剧、新闻、音乐）。该项目追踪了俄罗斯文化在剧变和不确定时期的进程，旨在确定俄罗斯文化活动如何反映文化和民族身份的转变，以及俄罗斯侨民在被占领的法国的相互冲突的忠诚。在主题上，该项目遵循三个相互关联的历史，叙事和作者：重建德国占领下巴黎的俄罗斯文化生活；考察随后在俄罗斯<s:1>移徙者群体中对这段历史的集体和个人叙述的创造；并讨论了档案收藏如何不仅仅是经验证据的仓库，也是各种作者声音和个人议程塑造的历史叙事的一部分。总而言之，这三个主题线考察了不同的作者和叙事代理之间的相互作用，在创造互补和竞争的历史叙事。随着1940年6月德国开始占领法国，在巴黎的俄罗斯移民进入了一个意识形态和文化重新定位的阶段。在布尔什维克革命和俄国内战结束后，在巴黎建立了一个5万人的强大社区。由于1941年6月入侵苏联，俄罗斯人对德国占领者的态度变得复杂起来，在那之后，德国人被视为一个真正的（即非苏联的）俄罗斯的解放者和敌人。起初，在参与和参与文化活动方面，移徙者群体保持沉默，随后有一段时期的文化活动十分活跃（1942年至1944年），当时，移徙者利用了德国军事司令部鼓励在移徙者群体中进行受控制的文化活动的新政策方向。这些倡议包括开办三家俄罗斯剧院、文学读物、音乐会和卡巴莱歌舞表演，以及出版一份新的俄罗斯移民报纸，即德国资助的《巴黎先驱报》。该项目着眼于个人的记忆行为（日记、报告、信件）以及公众和艺术对占领时期的反应，考察了俄罗斯人如何形成各种叙述的过程，这些叙述试图理解占领时期的个人和集体经历。该项目识别并对比了将第二次世界大战的个人和集体经历结合在一起的不同叙事线，研究了记忆与遗忘之间的关系，痛苦和牺牲的叙事，以及巴黎俄罗斯移民社区中记忆与国家身份建构之间的关系。《消失的世界》还考察了档案本身在塑造我们对占领下的俄罗斯<s:1>移民文化的理解方面所起的关键作用。该项目着眼于俄罗斯移民的主要档案（例如哥伦比亚大学的巴赫梅特夫档案馆，莫斯科的俄罗斯国家文学和文化档案馆）本身是如何成为这个故事的组成部分的。本研究探讨档案的地位，不仅是作为历史事实的资料库，也是作为历史叙述的先驱。