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Discourse markers, tag questions and indexicality: towards an experimentally-assisted discourse analysis

话语标记、标签问题和索引性：实验辅助话语分析

基本信息

批准号：
AH/K003674/1
负责人：
Erik Schleef
金额：
$ 10.23万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FK003674%2F1
关键词：
Discourse markers tag questions indexicality

项目摘要

Some discourse markers and tag questions (e.g. like, innit?) are socially enregistered: they have acquired indexical meanings and are associated with particular stances, personal characteristics, personae or social types. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of what language users know and intuit about the use or non-use of four such structures (like, tag questions, you know and I mean), and the indexical meanings they bring to the conversation. For example, the discourse marker like (e.g. "and like she just left") may evoke indexical meanings such as young and cool; however, it may also evoke meanings such as silly and stupid, depending on context. The innovative concept of the indexical field (Eckert 2008) can explain such variation. An indexical field is the collection of all potential indexical meanings of a linguistic feature within a speech community. By constructing an indexical field for a specific discourse structure in a specific form, we will be able to show and explain its variation in indexical meanings. Such a construction process involves first determining potential indexical meanings of a discourse structure, and then mapping these meanings onto a network that shows the relationship between them. Rather than deriving indexical meanings of discourse structures from (1) transcriptions of discourse alone, a process which can access only a small portion of a structure's indexical field, this study proposes to, additionally, use a method that has recently become available through easily-accessible technology used for acoustic manipulation: (2) conducting perception tests. These two methods will be combined with (3) data collection in focus groups. Results of these methods will be used to construct indexical fields for four discourse structures in conversations among adolescents, with a particular focus on exploring the links of these structures to indexing gender. The study is, thus, restricted to structures that (a) have acquired indexical meanings, and (b) have links to gendered language use, as is the case for tag questions, like, you know, and I mean. All of these have been discussed in relation to gender. Often such studies find men using more of certain structures (e.g. you know, I mean or tag questions asking for confirmation, such as "she's Polish, isn't she?"), while women use more of other structures (e.g. tag questions facilitating conversations, such as "fine weather, isn't it?"). This study has three major goals:1. It aims to enhance the text-based analysis of discourse markers and tag questions with data from focus groups and perception tests.2. It will provide an analysis of four discourse structures in this methodological framework and describe their indexical potential. 3. It will focus on one aspect of their indexical meaning and explore what indexical meanings are activated when these features are indexing gender.This study goes beyond the scope of most contemporary theories in discourse studies as it brings together research on perception, discourse and indexicality. It responds to theoretical developments within discourse analysis, which have increased the need for perceptual and receptive work (e.g. Gumperz 1982; Fairclough 2007) and have placed understanding indexical meaning at the forefront of investigation (Eckert 2005). This is important because ongoing work elsewhere hypothesises an active connection between how we perceive linguistic features and the features we use (Niedzielski 1999, Campbell-Kibler 2006, Hay et al. 2006). This project will make a data-based contribution to the concept of the indexical field and the experimentally-assisted analysis of discourse, and will move the concept of the indexical field and this innovative method of analysis from theoretical constructs to empirically-based frameworks. By also exploring gender, this study will not only advance the field of discourse studies, but will also shed light on an important social issue.

一些话语标记和附加疑问句（例如，like, intit ?）具有社会性：它们具有索引意义，并且与特定的立场、个人特征、人物或社会类型相关联。这项研究旨在更好地了解语言使用者对这四种结构的使用和不使用的直觉（比如，附加疑问句，you know和I mean），以及它们给对话带来的索引意义。例如，语篇标记(例如：“就像她刚刚离开一样”)可能会唤起诸如年轻和酷之类的指标性含义；然而，根据上下文，它也可能引起诸如愚蠢和愚蠢的意思。索引场的创新概念（Eckert 2008）可以解释这种变化。索引字段是语音社区中语言特征的所有潜在索引意义的集合。通过为特定形式的特定话语结构构建索引场，我们将能够展示和解释其索引意义的变化。这种构建过程包括首先确定话语结构的潜在索引意义，然后将这些意义映射到显示它们之间关系的网络上。与其仅仅从语篇的转录中得出语篇结构的索引意义，这一过程只能访问结构索引场的一小部分，本研究还建议使用一种最近通过用于声学操作的易于获取的技术获得的方法：(2)进行感知测试。这两种方法将与(3)焦点小组的数据收集相结合。这些方法的结果将用于为青少年对话中的四种话语结构构建索引字段，并特别侧重于探索这些结构与索引性别的联系。因此，这项研究仅限于(a)具有索引意义的结构，(b)与性别语言使用有关的结构，就像附加疑问句一样，比如，你知道，我的意思是。所有这些都与性别有关。这类研究通常会发现男性更多地使用特定结构（例如，你知道，我的意思是，或者要求确认的附加疑问句，比如“她是波兰人，对吧？”）而女性则更多地使用其他结构（例如，辅助疑问句，如“fine weather, isn't it?”）。本研究有三个主要目标：1。它旨在利用焦点小组和感知测试的数据来增强基于文本的话语标记和标签问题分析。它将在这个方法论框架中提供四种话语结构的分析，并描述它们的索引潜力。3. 本文将重点关注其索引意义的一个方面，并探讨当这些特征索引性别时，哪些索引意义被激活。这项研究超越了大多数当代话语研究理论的范围，因为它将感知、话语和索引性的研究结合在一起。它回应了话语分析中的理论发展，这增加了对感知和接受工作的需求（例如，Gumperz 1982; Fairclough 2007），并将理解索引意义置于调查的前沿（Eckert 2005）。这很重要，因为其他地方正在进行的研究假设我们如何感知语言特征和我们使用的特征之间存在积极的联系（Niedzielski 1999, Campbell-Kibler 2006, Hay et al. 2006）。本项目将对索引场的概念和实验辅助语篇分析做出基于数据的贡献，并将索引场的概念和这种创新的分析方法从理论建构转移到基于经验的框架。通过对性别的探索，本研究不仅将推动话语研究领域的发展，而且将揭示一个重要的社会问题。