Women's Work and Working Women: A Longitudinal Study of Women Working in the British Film and Television Industries (1933-1989)

该项目评估了妇女在英国电影/电视制作中所做的贡献，在相当大的社会变革期间，妇女和行业的重大制度变革：1933-89。虽然少数人从事“线上”角色（导演，服装设计师），但数千人从事“线下”角色，如理发师，连续性“女孩”，生产助理和负切割，但他们的历史几乎没有被研究过。他们的大部分作品都被学术界低估了，因为学术界给导演和导演带来了特权，而对他们的研究也受到了稀缺档案资料的阻碍。该研究项目通过ACT/T工会记录和口述历史证词探索妇女的贡献，研究妇女与生产之间的历史关系。从1933年到1989年，电影和商业电视作为一个封闭的商店运营，BBC的就业也受到类似的监管。通过追踪妇女通过加入工会所做的贡献，该项目将提供关于有多少妇女在这些行业工作、她们的作用以及她们在电影/电视之间的流动的经验数据。这些数据将通过对妇女的口述历史访谈加以补充，以探讨她们的工作生活。通过将这两种方法结合在一起，该项目将解开以前隐藏的关于妇女工作的证据，并通过线下工人的经验开发电影/电视行业概念化和历史化的新方法。这将对电影/电视的研究和我们对20世纪创意艺术/产业中女性角色的理解产生更广泛的影响。这个3.5年的项目有两个关键部分。第一部分，在纽卡斯尔和桑德兰大学的基础上，是由PI（梅勒妮贝尔博士）和CI（Vicky Ball博士）领导，并包括一个研究助理（RA），一个博士，一个主要的会议和论文，工会培训讲习班，一个网站，一个口述历史项目，和一本专著。博士将使用历史工会数据调查妇女在选定的行业等级（如生产者，编辑），并使用书面，口头和视觉证据从电影制作了一些案例研究，分析妇女的贡献领域，从而扩大我们对妇女的工作的知识。会议将汇集学者，档案管理员，电视/电影行业人员和政策制定者，探讨长期以来的工作实践如何塑造妇女在行业就业的各个方面。RA将领导口述历史部分，记录与25名妇女的访谈，优先考虑历史记录很少的等级，例如化妆，衣柜，连续性。采访材料将在项目网站上托管，并用于BECTU工会与当前行业从业人员的培训研讨会。项目的最后成果（第三年半）将是PI/CI的一本专著，分析ACT/T的三个分支机构（电影制作、实验室、电视）和英国广播公司的性别和制作文化，评估妇女的竞选活动（ACT平等委员会），并提供妇女在服装、化妆和编剧方面的工作案例研究。第二部分，分包给英国大学电影和视频理事会，将产生一个数据库的ACT/T工会会员申请数据的协议下，与电影/电视工会，现在命名为BECTU。虽然项目团队将专门研究女性的等级和薪酬，但该数据库将保存女性和男性的会员申请数据（67 000个应用程序）。总的来说）确保其作为其他研究人员的主要数字资源的未来潜力。在第三年出版，它将在一个包含案例研究和口述历史材料的上下文网站上托管，并由BUFVC在项目结束后维护。通过更清晰地关注工作模式和生产文化的历史性别化，该项目的研究结果将使电影/电视/性别/劳动历史的学者/学生受益，并提供一系列证据，行业人员/政策制定者可以利用这些证据来干预当前的政策/做法。

This project assesses the contribution women have made to film/TV production in Britain, during a period of considerable social change for women and substantial institutional change for the industries: 1933-89. Whilst a minority have worked in 'above-the-line' roles (directors, costume designers), thousands have been employed in 'below-the-line' roles as hairdressers, continuity 'girls', production assistants, and negative cutters, yet their history has barely been studied. Much of their work has been undervalued by academic scholarship which has privileged auteur-directors, and its study hampered by scarce archival sources. This research project looks at the historical relations between women & production by exploring women's contribution through ACT/T trade union records and oral history testimony. From 1933-89 film & commercial TV operated as a closed shop and BBC employment was similarly regulated. By tracing women's contribution through union membership this project will provide empirical data about how many women worked in the industries, their roles and their movement between film/TV. This data will be supplemented by oral history interviews with women which explore their working lives. In bringing these two approaches together this project will unlock previously hidden evidence about women's work, and develop new ways of conceptualising and historicising the film/TV industries through the experiences of below-the-line workers. This will have a wider impact on both the study of film/TV and our understanding of the role of women in 20thC creative arts/industries. This 3.5-year project has 2 key parts. Part 1, based at the Universities of Newcastle & Sunderland, is led by the PI (Dr Melanie Bell) and CI (Dr Vicky Ball) and comprises a Research Associate (RA), a PhD, a major conference and papers, union training workshops, a website, an oral history project, and a monograph. The PhD will use historical union data to survey women in a chosen industry grade (e.g. producer, editor), and use written, oral & visual evidence from films to produce a number of case studies which analyse women's contributions to the field, thus extending our knowledge of women's work. The conference will draw together academics, archivists, TV/film industry personnel, and policy-makers to explore how long-established working practices have shaped the various dimensions of women's employment in the industries. The RA will lead the oral history component, recording interviews with 25 women, prioritising grades where few historical records remain e.g. make-up, wardrobe, continuity. The interview material will be hosted on a project website and used in BECTU union training workshops with current industry practitioners. The final project outcome (yr 3.5) will be a monograph by the PI/CI which analyses gender and production culture in ACT/T's 3 branches (Film Production, Laboratory, TV) and the BBC, assesses women's campaigning activities (ACTT Equality Committee) and provides case studies of women's work in Costume, Make-Up and Scriptwriting. Part 2, sub-contracted to the British Universities Film & Video Council, will produce a database of ACT/T union membership application data under agreement with the film/TV union, now named BECTU. Whilst the project team will work specifically on women's grades & pay, the database will hold membership application data for both women & men (67,000 apps. in total) ensuring its future potential as a major digital resource for other researchers. Published in yr 3 it will be hosted on a contextual website containing case studies & oral history material and maintained by the BUFVC beyond the life of the project. By bringing into clearer focus the historical gendering of working patterns & production cultures the project's findings will benefit academics/students of film/TV/gender/labour history, and provide a body of evidence which industry personnel/policy-makers may draw upon to intervene in current policy/practice.