Women's Work and Working Women: A Longitudinal Study of Women Working in the British Film and Television Industries (1933-1989)

这一项目评估了1933-1989年期间妇女对英国电影/电视制作的贡献，这段时期妇女经历了相当大的社会变革和行业的重大体制变革。虽然有一小部分人从事“一线以上”的工作(导演、服装设计师)，但数以千计的人从事“一线以下”的工作，如理发师、连续剧“女孩”、制片助理和负片剪辑师，但他们的历史几乎没有人研究过。他们的许多工作被学术学术所低估，学术享有导演导演的特权，而其研究又受到稀缺的档案资料的阻碍。这项研究项目通过ACT/T工会记录和口述历史证词来探索妇女的贡献，从而考察妇女与生产之间的历史关系。从1933年到1989年，电影和商业电视作为一家封闭的商店运营，英国广播公司的雇佣也受到类似的监管。通过跟踪妇女在工会成员中的贡献，该项目将提供关于有多少妇女在这些行业工作、她们的角色以及她们在电影/电视之间流动的经验数据。对妇女的口述历史访谈将补充这一数据，探讨她们的工作生活。通过将这两种方法结合在一起，这个项目将解开以前隐藏的关于女性工作的证据，并开发出通过底层工人的经验来概念化和历史化电影/电视行业的新方法。这将对影视研究和我们对女性在20世纪创意艺术/产业中的角色的理解产生更广泛的影响。这个为期3.5年的项目有两个关键部分。第一部分设在纽卡斯尔和桑德兰大学，由PI(Melanie Bell博士)和CI(Vicky Ball博士)领导，包括一名研究助理(RA)、一名博士、一次主要会议和论文、工会培训研讨会、一个网站、一个口述历史项目和一本专著。博士学位将使用历史工会数据对选定行业级别的女性(例如制片人、编辑)进行调查，并使用电影中的书面、口头和视觉证据来制作一些案例研究，分析妇女对该领域的贡献，从而扩大我们对妇女工作的了解。这次会议将汇集学者、档案工作者、电视/电影业人员和政策制定者，探讨长期确立的工作惯例如何塑造了妇女在该行业就业的各个方面。RA将领导口述历史部分，记录对25名女性的采访，对历史记录很少的年级进行优先排序，例如化妆、衣柜、连续性。访谈材料将放在一个项目网站上，并用于BECTU现有行业从业者的工会培训讲习班。最后的项目成果(3.5年)将由国际传播和信息部门出版一本专著，分析ACT/T的三个分部(电影制作、实验室、电视)和英国广播公司的性别和制作文化，评估妇女的运动活动(ACTT平等委员会)，并提供服装、化妆和编剧方面妇女工作的案例研究。第二部分，转包给英国大学电影和视频理事会，将根据与电影/电视工会(现在称为BECTU)达成的协议，制作一个ACT/T工会会员申请数据的数据库。虽然项目团队将专门研究女性的成绩和薪酬，但数据库将保存女性和男性的会员申请数据(6.7万个应用程序)。总而言之)确保它作为其他研究人员的主要数字资源的未来潜力。它将在第3年出版，并将在一个包含案例研究和口述历史材料的背景网站上托管，并在项目生命周期后由北京和睦家大学负责维护。通过更清楚地关注工作模式和生产文化的历史性别划分，该项目的发现将使电影/电视/性别/劳动史的学者/学生受益，并提供大量证据，供行业人员/政策制定者用于干预当前的政策/实践。

This project assesses the contribution women have made to film/TV production in Britain, during a period of considerable social change for women and substantial institutional change for the industries: 1933-89. Whilst a minority have worked in 'above-the-line' roles (directors, costume designers), thousands have been employed in 'below-the-line' roles as hairdressers, continuity 'girls', production assistants, and negative cutters, yet their history has barely been studied. Much of their work has been undervalued by academic scholarship which has privileged auteur-directors, and its study hampered by scarce archival sources. This research project looks at the historical relations between women & production by exploring women's contribution through ACT/T trade union records and oral history testimony. From 1933-89 film & commercial TV operated as a closed shop and BBC employment was similarly regulated. By tracing women's contribution through union membership this project will provide empirical data about how many women worked in the industries, their roles and their movement between film/TV. This data will be supplemented by oral history interviews with women which explore their working lives. In bringing these two approaches together this project will unlock previously hidden evidence about women's work, and develop new ways of conceptualising and historicising the film/TV industries through the experiences of below-the-line workers. This will have a wider impact on both the study of film/TV and our understanding of the role of women in 20thC creative arts/industries. This 3.5-year project has 2 key parts. Part 1, based at the Universities of Newcastle & Sunderland, is led by the PI (Dr Melanie Bell) and CI (Dr Vicky Ball) and comprises a Research Associate (RA), a PhD, a major conference and papers, union training workshops, a website, an oral history project, and a monograph. The PhD will use historical union data to survey women in a chosen industry grade (e.g. producer, editor), and use written, oral & visual evidence from films to produce a number of case studies which analyse women's contributions to the field, thus extending our knowledge of women's work. The conference will draw together academics, archivists, TV/film industry personnel, and policy-makers to explore how long-established working practices have shaped the various dimensions of women's employment in the industries. The RA will lead the oral history component, recording interviews with 25 women, prioritising grades where few historical records remain e.g. make-up, wardrobe, continuity. The interview material will be hosted on a project website and used in BECTU union training workshops with current industry practitioners. The final project outcome (yr 3.5) will be a monograph by the PI/CI which analyses gender and production culture in ACT/T's 3 branches (Film Production, Laboratory, TV) and the BBC, assesses women's campaigning activities (ACTT Equality Committee) and provides case studies of women's work in Costume, Make-Up and Scriptwriting. Part 2, sub-contracted to the British Universities Film & Video Council, will produce a database of ACT/T union membership application data under agreement with the film/TV union, now named BECTU. Whilst the project team will work specifically on women's grades & pay, the database will hold membership application data for both women & men (67,000 apps. in total) ensuring its future potential as a major digital resource for other researchers. Published in yr 3 it will be hosted on a contextual website containing case studies & oral history material and maintained by the BUFVC beyond the life of the project. By bringing into clearer focus the historical gendering of working patterns & production cultures the project's findings will benefit academics/students of film/TV/gender/labour history, and provide a body of evidence which industry personnel/policy-makers may draw upon to intervene in current policy/practice.