Women's Work and Working Women: A Longitudinal Study of Women Working in the British Film and Television Industries (1933-1989)

本项目评估在1933- 1989年这一妇女社会发生重大变化和工业机构发生重大变化的时期，妇女对英国电影/电视制作的贡献。虽然少数人从事“线上”角色（导演，服装设计师），但成千上万的人从事“线下”角色，如理发师，连续性“女孩”，制作助理和负面剪辑师，但他们的历史几乎没有被研究过。他们的很多作品都被给予导演特权的学术学术低估了，而且他们的研究也受到了档案资源匮乏的阻碍。本研究计划透过ACT/T工会纪录及口述历史证言，探讨女性的贡献，以检视女性与生产之间的历史关系。从1933年到1989年，电影和商业电视作为一个封闭的商店运作，BBC的雇佣也同样受到管制。通过追踪妇女在工会成员中的贡献，该项目将提供关于有多少妇女在行业中工作、她们的角色以及她们在电影/电视之间的流动的经验数据。这些数据将通过对妇女的口述历史访谈来补充，探讨她们的工作生活。将这两种方法结合在一起，该项目将揭开以前隐藏的关于女性工作的证据，并通过底层工人的经验开发概念化和历史化电影/电视行业的新方法。这将对电影/电视的研究以及我们对女性在20世纪创意艺术/行业中的作用的理解产生更广泛的影响。这个3.5年的项目有两个关键部分。第一部分，以纽卡斯尔和桑德兰大学为基地，由PI （Melanie Bell博士）和CI （Vicky Ball博士）领导，包括一名研究助理（RA）、一名博士、一次主要会议和论文、工会培训讲习班、一个网站、一个口述历史项目和一本专著。博士将使用历史联盟数据来调查选定行业级别的女性（例如制片人，编辑），并使用电影中的书面，口头和视觉证据来制作一些案例研究，分析女性对该领域的贡献，从而扩展我们对女性工作的了解。会议将汇集学者、档案工作者、电视/电影行业人员和政策制定者，探讨长期确立的工作惯例如何影响了妇女在这些行业就业的各个方面。助理助理将领导口述历史部分，记录对25名女性的采访，优先考虑那些没有历史记录的年级，如化妆、服装、连续性。采访材料将在一个项目网站上发布，并用于BECTU工会与当前行业从业者的培训研讨会。最后的项目成果（3.5年级）将由PI/CI撰写，分析ACT/T的三个分支机构（电影制作，实验室，电视）和BBC的性别和生产文化，评估妇女的竞选活动（ACTT平等委员会），并提供妇女在服装，化妆和编剧方面的工作案例研究。第二部分，分包给英国大学电影和录像委员会，将根据与电影/电视联盟（现称为BECTU）的协议，制作一个ACT/T联盟会员申请数据的数据库。虽然项目团队将专门研究女性的成绩和薪酬，但数据库将包含女性和男性的会员申请数据（67,000个应用程序）。确保其作为其他研究人员的主要数字资源的未来潜力。该报告将于第三学年发布，并将在一个包含案例研究和口述历史材料的语境网站上进行托管，并在项目结束后由BUFVC维护。通过更清晰地关注工作模式和生产文化的历史性别，该项目的研究结果将有利于电影/电视/性别/劳工史的学者/学生，并提供行业人员/政策制定者可以借鉴的证据，以干预当前的政策/实践。

This project assesses the contribution women have made to film/TV production in Britain, during a period of considerable social change for women and substantial institutional change for the industries: 1933-89. Whilst a minority have worked in 'above-the-line' roles (directors, costume designers), thousands have been employed in 'below-the-line' roles as hairdressers, continuity 'girls', production assistants, and negative cutters, yet their history has barely been studied. Much of their work has been undervalued by academic scholarship which has privileged auteur-directors, and its study hampered by scarce archival sources. This research project looks at the historical relations between women & production by exploring women's contribution through ACT/T trade union records and oral history testimony. From 1933-89 film & commercial TV operated as a closed shop and BBC employment was similarly regulated. By tracing women's contribution through union membership this project will provide empirical data about how many women worked in the industries, their roles and their movement between film/TV. This data will be supplemented by oral history interviews with women which explore their working lives. In bringing these two approaches together this project will unlock previously hidden evidence about women's work, and develop new ways of conceptualising and historicising the film/TV industries through the experiences of below-the-line workers. This will have a wider impact on both the study of film/TV and our understanding of the role of women in 20thC creative arts/industries. This 3.5-year project has 2 key parts. Part 1, based at the Universities of Newcastle & Sunderland, is led by the PI (Dr Melanie Bell) and CI (Dr Vicky Ball) and comprises a Research Associate (RA), a PhD, a major conference and papers, union training workshops, a website, an oral history project, and a monograph. The PhD will use historical union data to survey women in a chosen industry grade (e.g. producer, editor), and use written, oral & visual evidence from films to produce a number of case studies which analyse women's contributions to the field, thus extending our knowledge of women's work. The conference will draw together academics, archivists, TV/film industry personnel, and policy-makers to explore how long-established working practices have shaped the various dimensions of women's employment in the industries. The RA will lead the oral history component, recording interviews with 25 women, prioritising grades where few historical records remain e.g. make-up, wardrobe, continuity. The interview material will be hosted on a project website and used in BECTU union training workshops with current industry practitioners. The final project outcome (yr 3.5) will be a monograph by the PI/CI which analyses gender and production culture in ACT/T's 3 branches (Film Production, Laboratory, TV) and the BBC, assesses women's campaigning activities (ACTT Equality Committee) and provides case studies of women's work in Costume, Make-Up and Scriptwriting. Part 2, sub-contracted to the British Universities Film & Video Council, will produce a database of ACT/T union membership application data under agreement with the film/TV union, now named BECTU. Whilst the project team will work specifically on women's grades & pay, the database will hold membership application data for both women & men (67,000 apps. in total) ensuring its future potential as a major digital resource for other researchers. Published in yr 3 it will be hosted on a contextual website containing case studies & oral history material and maintained by the BUFVC beyond the life of the project. By bringing into clearer focus the historical gendering of working patterns & production cultures the project's findings will benefit academics/students of film/TV/gender/labour history, and provide a body of evidence which industry personnel/policy-makers may draw upon to intervene in current policy/practice.