Going native: racial transgression in the British world, 1880-1939

本土化：英国世界的种族越轨，1880-1939

• 批准号: AH/L004801/1
• 负责人: William Jackson
• 金额: $ 25.4万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL004801%2F1
• 关键词: Going; native; racial; transgression; British

That Europeans were able to transform colonised people was a vital element in the rationale for empire; that they too were transformed is a phenomenon less well known. In part, this reflects the lasting force of colonial historiographies. Yet those with sufficient resources frequently disregarded those same social norms to which others were so strenuously encouraged to conform. In India, wealthy nabobs enjoyed the affectations of the East; in Kenya the wealthy aristocrat who disdained European society to live in splendid isolation amidst the African bush became a familiar figure. Social status, wealth, nationality and gender were all determinant factors in the performance of white identity and in the distinction of those forms of 'going native' deemed acceptable from those that were not.Whilst there has been a great deal of work in recent years on cultures of empire and on the social composition of colonial communities, to date no serious scholarly work has taken the idea of 'going native' as its organising theme. On the contrary, while the figure of the white man 'gone native' continues to loom large in the mythology of empire, the history of racial transgression remains under-researched. Yet the deviation of imperial Britons from their prescribed identities and roles occurred across the British Empire and in diverse ways: Britons forged intimate (though not exclusively sexual) relations with 'native races'; they learned 'native' languages (and forgot their own); they eschewed white society and took seriously indigenous ethics, values and belief systems. That racial boundaries were critical to the credibility of colonial regimes is not to say that they were only seldom breached.While historians have increasingly come to recognise the porous nature of racial boundaries they have focused preponderant attention on the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries - when empire was ascendant but incomplete and when state structures enjoyed still limited reach. According to what has now become an entrenched historical narrative, by the later nineteenth century racial attitudes had hardened considerably. Britons, it is agreed, became conscious of their whiteness - and of the difference of racial 'Others' - as never before. This research will complicate that view by showing the extent to which British colonials did not conform to prevailing colonial ideologies. By documenting the ways in which British men and women 'went native', the project will challenge the erroneous assumption that Britons in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries failed to find value in the cultures and the peoples over whom their nation claimed to rule. The proposed research will examine three principal themes under the overarching topic of 'going native': friendship, love and sex; habitus and the day to day; religion and belief. Each theme opens up new possibilities for exploring how individuals were able to borrow from, appropriate and adapt local cultures in the reformation of their own subjectivities and social roles. Together, they provide the organisational means for analysing how ideas around race and nation, so critical to the rationale for colonial domination, were contested, rationalised and redefined. Examining the ways by which colonial authorities sought to manage transgression, meanwhile, will extend upon recent research into the production of racial categories and the mechanics of social control. Throughout, the ambition is to hold in tension the controlling power of colonial regimes with the ability of individuals to manage or evade them.

欧洲人能够改造殖民地人民，这是帝国理论的一个重要因素;他们也被改造了，这是一个鲜为人知的现象。在某种程度上，这反映了殖民史学的持久力量。然而，那些拥有足够资源的人往往无视那些被极力鼓励其他人遵守的社会规范。在印度，有钱的大富翁享受着东方的矫揉造作;在肯尼亚，富裕的贵族让欧洲社会在非洲丛林中过着与世隔绝的生活，这成了人们熟悉的人物。社会地位、财富、国籍和性别都是决定白色人身份的因素，也是决定哪些“本土化”形式可以接受、哪些不可以接受的决定因素。虽然近年来有大量关于帝国文化和殖民社区社会构成的研究，到目前为止，还没有一部严肃的学术著作以“本土化”为主题。相反，虽然“本土化”的白色人的形象继续在帝国神话中占据重要地位，但种族越轨的历史仍然没有得到充分研究。然而，大英帝国的不列颠人偏离他们既定的身份和角色的情况在整个大英帝国都发生了，而且是以各种方式发生的：不列颠人与“本土种族”建立了亲密的（尽管不完全是性的）关系;他们学习“本土”语言（而忘记了自己的语言）;他们避开白色社会，认真对待本土的伦理、价值观和信仰体系。种族界限对殖民政权的可信度至关重要，这并不是说它们很少被打破。尽管历史学家越来越认识到种族界限的多孔性，但他们将主要注意力集中在18世纪和19世纪初--当时帝国正在崛起，但还不完整，国家结构的影响力仍然有限。根据现在已经成为根深蒂固的历史叙述，到世纪后期，种族态度已经相当强硬。人们一致认为，英国人前所未有地意识到他们的白人身份，以及种族“他者”的差异。这项研究将通过显示英国殖民者在多大程度上不符合流行的殖民意识形态来使这种观点复杂化。通过记录英国男人和女人“成为本土人”的方式，该项目将挑战一个错误的假设，即19世纪末和20世纪初的英国人未能在他们的国家声称统治的文化和人民中找到价值。拟议的研究将在“本土化”的总体主题下审查三个主要主题：友谊、爱情和性;习性和日常生活;宗教和信仰。每一个主题都为探索个人如何能够在改造自己的主体性和社会角色中借鉴、挪用和适应当地文化开辟了新的可能性。它们共同提供了一种组织手段，用于分析对殖民统治的基本原理至关重要的种族和民族思想如何受到质疑、合理化和重新定义。与此同时，考察殖民当局试图管理违法行为的方式，将扩展到最近对种族类别的产生和社会控制机制的研究。在整个过程中，其野心是使殖民政权的控制权与个人管理或逃避殖民政权的能力保持紧张关系。

项目成果

Immoral Habits: Delinquent White Girls in 1920s Cape Town and the Distribution of Blame

不道德的习惯：20 年代开普敦的不良白人女孩以及责任的分配

• DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2020.1725783
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: South African Historical Journal
• 影响因子: 0.4
• 作者: Jackson W

Migration and Mental Health

移民与心理健康

• DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-52968-8_5
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Jackson W

The Private Lives of Empire: Emotion, Intimacy, and Colonial Rule

帝国的私生活：情感、亲密关系和殖民统治

• DOI: 10.1017/s0165115318000049
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Itinerario
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Jackson W

Anxieties, Fear and Panic in Colonial Settings

殖民地环境中的焦虑、恐惧和恐慌

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45136-7_4
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Jackson W

An Unmistakable Trace of Colour: Racializing Children in Segregation-Era Cape Town, 1908-1933*

明显的色彩痕迹：种族隔离时代的开普敦儿童，1908-1933 年*

• DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtx035
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Past & Present
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Jackson W