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Mothering Slaves: Comparative Perspectives on Motherhood, Childlessness and the Care of Children in Atlantic Slave Societies

养育奴隶：大西洋奴隶社会中母性、无子女和儿童照顾的比较视角

基本信息

批准号：
AH/L015501/1
负责人：
Diana Paton
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL015501%2F1
关键词：
Mothering Slaves Comparative Perspectives Motherhood

项目摘要

This research network will bring together scholars who are investigating the lives of enslaved women in Brazil, the United States, and the Caribbean, paying particular attention to issues related to motherhood, the care of children, and childlessness. The title, 'Mothering Slaves', draws attention to the multiple forms of 'mothering' that took place in slave societies. Enslaved women acted as mothers to their own children, thus mothering children who would live out their lives under slavery, but also--with varying frequency in different parts of the Americas--undertook mothering work of their owners' children, including sometimes breastfeeding them. These issues are important because slavery was transmitted by inheritance from the mother, and because women's experience of enslavement was very significantly influenced by whether or not they were mothers. In addition, motherhood and/or women's childlessness has often been interpreted as a site of trauma for enslaved women; in particular literary and visual artists have frequently focused on motherhood in order to convey the horrors of slavery. We want to bring scholars together in order to consider how enslaved motherhood worked similarly across Atlantic slave societies, to find out what the important differences were in different slave societies, to compare representations of enslaved motherhood in the arts, and to consider the best methodologies for investigating these issues. This network will draw out points of similarity and difference, and seeks to encourage new ways of thinking about enslaved women in the Atlantic world through the benefit of comparative perspectives. This work will help historians and other scholars develop future research on slavery and enslaved women.The network will involve three main events. The first, in Newcastle, will focus on comparing slave societies and non-slave societies, particularly in relation to breastfeeding and wetnursing. The second, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, will bring the best current scholarship on women in Brazilian slavery (particularly that focused on motherhood, childlessness, and the care of children), into dialogue with similar work on other slave societies. The third event, a conference in Reading, will consider questions relating to motherhood, the care of children, and childlessness in the context of the transition from slavery to post-slave societies, and will also seek to review what has been learnt from the series of events. The network will create relationships between scholars in several different countries, enabling them to develop plans for future research. In particular, it will consolidate links between scholars based in the UK and those in Brazil, in order to design future research on relevant questions in the study of comparative slavery.Within a more public context, the network will foster collaboration between academic historians and the wider public through two public events held at the Reading International Solidarity Centre as part of Reading Borough Council's Black History Month activities. The first, a public lecture delivered by writer Andrea Stuart, author of the 2013 book Sugar in the Blood (Faber) will use personal and familial stories to consider the theme of motherhood in enslaved women's lives, and its relevance for contemporary society. The second, an illustrated talk with the visual artist Joscelyn Gardner, will use Gardner's creative response to enslaved women's mothering to open up a public discussion of the significance of the history of slavery to contemporary debates about motherhood, pregnancy, birth, and the care of children. Additional funding will be sought for an exhibition of Gardner's work to coincide with the conference. These events will be filmed and made available on the network's website, which will also include short articles and an interactive bibliography of work on the network's themes, and information about its events.

这一研究网络将汇集正在调查巴西、美国和加勒比被奴役妇女生活的学者，特别关注与母亲、儿童照料和无子女有关的问题。书名《母亲的奴隶》（Mothering Slaves）引起了人们对奴隶社会中多种形式的“母亲”的关注。被奴役的妇女充当自己孩子的母亲，从而养育那些将在奴隶制下度过一生的孩子，但在美洲不同地区，她们也承担起养育主人孩子的工作，有时包括母乳喂养。这些问题之所以重要，是因为奴隶制是通过母亲的遗产传承下来的，而且妇女受奴役的经历在很大程度上受到她们是否是母亲的影响。此外，母亲身份和（或）妇女无子女往往被解释为受奴役妇女的创伤所在;特别是文学和视觉艺术家经常以母亲身份为重点，以传达奴隶制的恐怖。我们想把学者们聚集在一起，以考虑如何奴役母亲在大西洋奴隶社会中同样发挥作用，找出不同奴隶社会中的重要差异，比较艺术中奴役母亲的表现，并考虑调查这些问题的最佳方法。该网络将找出相似点和不同点，并通过比较观点，鼓励对大西洋世界被奴役妇女的新思维方式。这项工作将有助于历史学家和其他学者今后开展关于奴隶制和被奴役妇女的研究。第一个在纽卡斯尔举行，重点是比较奴隶社会和非奴隶社会，特别是在母乳喂养和哺乳方面。第二个项目在巴西的圣保罗，将把目前关于巴西奴隶制妇女的最佳奖学金（特别是侧重于母亲、无子女和照顾儿童的奖学金）与关于其他奴隶社会的类似工作进行对话。第三项活动是阅读会议，将审议从奴隶制向后奴隶制社会过渡过程中与母亲、儿童照料和无子女有关的问题，并将努力审查从一系列活动中学到的东西。该网络将在几个不同国家的学者之间建立联系，使他们能够为未来的研究制定计划。特别是，该网络将巩固英国学者和巴西学者之间的联系，以便设计未来对比较奴隶制研究中相关问题的研究，在更公开的背景下，该网络将通过在阅读国际团结中心举行的两次公共活动促进学术历史学家和更广泛公众之间的合作，这两次活动是阅读区理事会黑人历史月活动的一部分。第一个是由作家安德烈·斯图尔特（Andrea Stuart）发表的公开演讲，他是2013年《血液中的糖》（Faber）一书的作者，他将利用个人和家庭故事来思考被奴役妇女生活中的母性主题及其与当代社会的相关性。第二，与视觉艺术家乔斯林加德纳的插图谈话，将使用加德纳的创造性的反应，奴役妇女的母亲打开奴隶制的历史的意义，当代辩论的公开讨论关于母亲，怀孕，出生，和照顾孩子。将寻求额外的资金，以展览加德纳的工作，以配合会议。这些活动将被拍摄下来，并在网络的网站上提供，其中还将包括关于网络主题的短文和互动式工作书目，以及关于网络活动的信息。