Undesirable and unreturnable? Policy challenges around excluded asylum-seekers and migrants suspected of serious criminality but who cannot be removed

1.该项目汇集了一个学术界、决策者和政策机构的网络，以激发新的跨界辩论，探讨被排斥的寻求庇护者和其他涉嫌严重犯罪但不能被驱逐的移民对国家和国际公共政策构成的挑战。阻碍驱逐涉嫌或被判定犯有严重罪行的移民，对国家和国际领域的公共政策构成越来越大的挑战。这些障碍可以是“实际的”，如缺乏将有关人员送回原籍国的手段，也可以是“法律的”，如人权标准阻止遣返。然而，尽管这类案件似乎相对较少，但由于它们对国家移民管制、庇护制度的完整性、人权在当代社会中的作用以及将严重罪行的肇事者绳之以法产生了真实的关切，往往引起公众的极大兴趣。3.该网络项目分析和辩论欧洲、北美和南美的问题。需要解决的影响深远的问题包括：在选定的一系列受影响最严重的国家中，问题的规模和主要特点以及政策反应是什么？这些案件是否代表国际法中出现了“基本系统错误”（货车Wijk），或者仅仅是法律适用中的一个实际问题？如何平衡“国际保护”的人道主义问题与国际刑法的必要性，以打击有罪不罚现象？法律是否能回应解决这些人所处的“法律的不确定状态”，并以某种方式解决他们的处境？是否需要其他工具？这种情况对难民法和人权法更广泛的合法性有何影响？这些更广泛的背景如何为寻求解决方案提供信息？今后应如何制定与这一问题有关的政策？关于这个问题的连贯一致的政策是什么样的？4.这一多学科项目通过促进相关领域的研究和辩论，就其核心主题交换意见。它主要通过学术界、决策者和更广泛的政策机构组成的利益攸关方小组运作。它通过一系列活动进一步促进该领域知识的共同生产，例如以下拟议的会议和研讨会：- 2015年阿姆斯特丹研讨会。2015难民研究网络主持在线讨论。2016年伦敦会议与利益相关者和其他学者和从业人员。- 2015年网络报告在伦敦、阿姆斯特丹和布鲁塞尔与学者和从业人员举行小组讨论会。将通过有不同受益者和“用户”利益攸关方参加的有针对性的后续活动，进一步确保产生实际和学术影响。该项目力求“通过人”产生中长期影响，以解决这些案件带来的安全和司法挑战：-促进审查、制定和改进这一领域的国家政策;-协助国际政策机构制定这一领域的一致政策;以及-帮助促进就这一主题进行知情的公众辩论。该项目还将通过促进国际学术合作和学术从业者伙伴关系以及提高英国学术研究的国际知名度，在国际领导力和伙伴关系方面产生中长期影响。6.该项目以联合王国难民法倡议和荷兰国际刑事司法中心之间的国际合作为基础。这两个专业学术中心带来的专业知识、联系和网络是该网络成功的基础。

1. This project brings together a network of academics, policy-makers and policy bodies to stimulate new cross-boundary debate on the challenges posed to national and international public policy by excluded asylum-seekers and other migrants who are suspected of serious criminality but cannot be removed.2. Impediments to the expulsion of migrants suspected or convicted of serious criminality pose an increasing challenge for public policy in both the national and international spheres. These obstacles can be 'practical', such as the lack of means to send the person to their country of origin, or 'legal' in nature, as where human rights standards prevent removal. However, even though such cases appear comparatively few in number, they tend to attract significant public interest due to the real concerns that they generate for State migration control, the integrity of the institution of asylum, the role of human rights in contemporary society, and the bringing to justice of perpetrators of serious crimes. 3. This network project analyses and debates the problem in Europe, North America and South America. Among the far-reaching questions to be addressed are: - What are the scale and key characteristics of the problem and policy response in a selective sample of a range of the most-affected States?- Do these cases represent the emergence of a 'fundamental system error' (van Wijk) in international law or merely a practical problem in application of the law?- How should humanitarian issues of 'international protection' be balanced against international criminal law imperatives to counteract impunity?- Can law respond to address the 'legal limbo' in which such persons find themselves and resolve their situation one way or the other? Are other tools required?- What are the implications of this situation for the wider legitimacy of refugee law and human rights law? How should these wider contexts inform the search for a solution?- How should future policy development in relation to this problem take place? What would a coherent and uniform policy on this topic look like?4. This multi-disciplinary project generates an exchange of ideas on its core themes through promoting research and debate in relevant fields. It operates principally through a Stakeholder group of academics, policy-makers and wider policy bodies. It further facilitates the co-production of knowledge in this area through a range of activities, such as the following proposed conferences and workshops:- 2015 Amsterdam Workshop.- 2015 Refugee Research Network moderated online discussion.- 2016 London Conference with Stakeholders and other academics and practitioners. - 2015 Network report launch panels with academics and practitioners in London, Amsterdam and Brussels. Further practical and academic impact will be secured through targeted follow-up activities with different beneficiary and 'user' stakeholders participating in these events.5. The project seeks to generate mid-long term impact 'through people' to address the security and justice challenges that these cases present by:- Facilitating the review, development and improvement of State policies in this area;- Assisting international policy bodies to develop consistent policy in this area; and - Helping to promote an informed public debate on the topic. The project will also yield mid-to-long term impact in terms of international leadership and partnerships by promoting international academic collaboration and academic-practitioner partnerships and by increasing the international visibility of UK academic research. 6. The project is based upon international collaboration between the Refugee Law Initiative in the UK and the Center for International Criminal Justice in the Netherlands. The expertise, contacts and networks brought by these two specialised academic centres underpin the success of the network.