Pushing the Boundaries: New Dynamics of Forced Migration and Transnational Responses in Latin America

1. 2.本项目采用多学科方法调查和影响拉丁美洲国家利用跨国结构和干预措施应对因被迫移民流动而产生的新的安全和司法挑战的方式。最近，来自非洲和中东冲突的“大陆外”移民和难民越来越多，这给拉丁美洲社会的安全和正义带来了重大挑战。与此同时，特别是在中美洲，与帮派和毒品有关的普遍暴力的新模式正在造成广泛的被迫流离失所。在该区域各国寻求平衡对恐怖主义和犯罪的社会恐惧与其保护难民和流离失所者的国际义务时，它们希望在庇护和移徙问题上发展新的跨国合作形式。这种国际合作以现有的区域倡议为基础。然而，尽管拉丁美洲提供了潜在的积极模式，但最近没有关于这一主题的全面研究。本研究分析了拉丁美洲地区对被迫移民的反应。需要解决的影响深远的问题包括：拉丁美洲被迫移徙的新动态对安全和正义的影响是什么？拉丁美洲国家如何应对这些挑战？今后如何加强它们的应对措施？民间社会团体、政府间机构和强大的北美国家在这些进程中发挥了什么作用？拉丁美洲的模式如何与欧洲和非洲的模式进行比较或相互作用，可以吸取什么教训？3 .这对各国分配难民和寻求庇护者流动的国际责任有什么影响？这个多学科项目结合了社会科学和法律研究方法，通过图书馆、档案和实地研究来解决已确定的知识差距。它还建立了一个拉丁美洲国家“联络小组”，作为收集研究数据和反馈的一种创新技术。它通过一系列知识交流活动，如以下拟议的会议和讲习班，进一步促进这一领域知识的共同生产：- 2013年与主要国际人道主义利益攸关方举行的日内瓦讲习班。- 2013年伦敦难民法倡议公共系列研讨会。- 2014年波哥大学术从业者利益相关者会议<e:1>。- 2015年第15届国际会计准则理事会会议与学术从业者利益相关者小组。- 2015年各国和区域利益攸关方伦敦会议。通过有针对性的后续活动，让不同的受益者和“用户”利益相关者参与这些活动，将确保进一步的实际和学术影响。该项目力求“通过人民”产生中长期影响，以解决新的强迫移徙模式给拉丁美洲带来的安全和司法挑战，方法是：(a)通过改进关于强迫移徙的区域法律和政策来改变国家惯例；(b)改进从事强迫移徙工作的第三部门机构的政策；(c)帮助促进就强迫移徙问题进行知情的公开辩论。该项目还将通过促进学术从业者合作和提高英国学术研究的国际知名度，产生中长期的“国际领导力”和“伙伴关系”影响。6. 该项目具有创新的内置培训，并由来自不同但相关学科的两位知名学者指导。作为该项目的一个核心组成部分，已与东道国机构联合设计了一个有组织的研究技能发展方案，重点是领导这一领域未来研究议程所需的技能。

1. This project uses multi-disciplinary methodology to investigate and influence the ways in which Latin American States use transnational structures and interventions to address new security and justice challenges resulting from forced migration flows.2. The recent trend of increasing arrivals of 'extra-continental' migrants and refugees, many from conflicts in Africa and the Middle East, are raising substantive challenges of security and justice for Latin American societies. At the same time, particularly in Central America, novel patterns of gang- and drug-related generalised violence are producing extensive forced displacement. As States in the region seek to balance societal fears about terrorism and criminality against their international obligations to protect refugees and displaced persons, they look to develop new forms of transnational cooperation on asylum and migration. This international cooperation builds on existing regional initiatives. However, despite the potentially positive model that Latin America offers, no recent or comprehensive studies exist on this topic.3. This research analyses these regional responses to forced migration in Latin America. Among the far-reaching questions to be addressed are: What are the implications for security and justice of the new dynamics of forced migration in Latin America? How do Latin American States respond to such challenges, and how can their responses be strengthened in future? What roles do civil society groups, inter-governmental bodies, and powerful North American States play in these processes? How does the Latin American model compare or interact with the European and African models, and what lessons can be drawn? What are the implications for States' allocation of international responsibility for flows of refugees and asylum-seekers?4. This multi-disciplinary project combines social science and legal research methodologies to address the identified knowledge gap through library, archival and field research. It also creates a 'contact group' of Latin American States as an innovative technique for gathering research data and feedback. It further facilitates the co-production of knowledge in this area through a range of knowledge exchange activities, such as the following proposed conferences and workshops:- 2013 Geneva Workshops with key international humanitarian stakeholders.- 2013 London Refugee Law Initiative Public Seminar Series. - 2014 Conference in Bogotá with academic-practitioner stakeholders. - 2015 Panel at 15th IASFM Conference with academic-practitioner stakeholders. - 2015 London Conference for States and regional stakeholders. Further practical and academic impact will be secured through targeted follow-up activities with different beneficiary and 'user' stakeholders participating in these events.5. The project seeks to generate mid-long term impact 'through people' to address the security and justice challenges that new forced migration patterns bring in Latin America by:(a) Changing State practice by improving regional law and policy on forced migration;(b) Improving the policy of the third sector institutions working on forced migration; and (c) Helping to promote an informed public debate on forced migration. The project will also yield mid-to-long term 'international leadership' and 'partnerships' impacts by promoting academic-practitioner collaborations and increasing the international visibility of UK academic research. 6. The project has innovative in-built training and is mentored by two leading academics from different but related disciplines. A structured programme of research skills development has been jointly designed with the host institution as a core component of the project, focusing on the skills needed to lead the future research agenda in this field.