Passions of War: Cross-disiplinary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and Conflict

《战争的激情》网络将推动对战争、性别和性之间关系的研究，从早期的现代时期到第二次世界大战结束。在关于女兵地位的争论(戈尔茨坦，2003)、“军队中的同性恋者”(贝尔金和贝特曼，2003；Shilts，2005；里默曼，2013)和士兵认同为变性*(Snyder，1999)越来越多地关注学者、政治家、军事领导人和立法者，一个致力于探索这些辩论的历史性的研究网络既及时又必要。研究网络将代表一系列学术学科和专业背景的欧盟和国际参与者聚集在一起，调查战争对性别和性实践的构建的影响，以及这些构建和实践如何反过来制约战争的发动、调解、感受和理解的方式。该网络的一个显著特点将是根据另类的、新出现的和边缘化的历史重新审查关于战争、性别和性的标准描述。强调发现有关性别、性行为和战争历史的新事实，以及以创新的方法解释历史数据，是该项目跨学科和多学科理论的核心。在该项目为期两年的时间里，参与者将参加一系列为期一天的专题互动讲习班(2×一天+1×两天活动)，重点是介绍和评估相关的新研究成果。具体地说，研讨会将邀请与会者提问：--随着时间的推移，人们对战争中的性别和性行为的态度发生了什么变化？-在过去的不同阶段，人们对战时非规范性身份和性行为的态度是更宽容还是更不宽容？-性别和性行为问题如何影响军民身份认同的问题？-在战时，非规范性行为和其他性别认同的表达是以什么方式被压抑或允许的？-战争在多大程度上挑战、改变或支持了规范性家庭关系、两性之间的友谊和传统的爱情观？这些讲习班的成果将以各种形式以论文和文章的形式发表，包括一本编辑过的论文集和一份遵循“开放获取”原则的学术期刊的特刊。参与者还将与主要的非学术受益者进行对话，范围从博物馆专业人员到学校和武装部队成员。将通过一系列媒体，包括网页、海报、播客、网络研讨会和为伦敦和根特的博物馆主题陈列作贡献，向这些受益者提供该项目产生的其他材料，如博客和教材。该网络将巩固与以下研究小组和组织的非正式联系：早期现代研究小组(GEMS，根特大学)、阿姆斯特丹情绪和感官比较研究中心(ACCESS，VU大学)、博物馆吉斯兰博士(Ghent)和国家陆军博物馆(伦敦)。创造一个支持性的环境，在项目结束后维持对话，将确保任何额外的产出继续“符合目的”。这将通过开发电子联系人列表和时事通讯来实现，该项目由莱斯特大学的PI推动。该项目具有重要的政策意义，因为正如心理学家保罗·盖德在一次关于学术研究对美国废除《不要问不要说》法律的影响的讨论中所评论的那样：“在每一个国家取消对男女同性恋者在本国军队服役的禁令的情况下，他们这样做是因为他们的文化已经对男女同性恋者开放了。”

The 'Passions of War' network will advance research on the relations between war, gender and sexuality from the early modern period to the end of the Second World War. At a time when debates about the status of female soldiers (Goldstein, 2003), 'Gays in the Military' (Belkin and Bateman, 2003; Shilts, 2005; Rimmerman, 2013), and soldiers identifying as trans* (Snyder, 1999) have come increasingly to preoccupy scholars, politicians, military leaders and legislators, a research network dedicated to exploring the historicity of these debates is both timely and necessary.The research Network brings together EU and international participants, representing a range of academic disciplines and professional backgrounds, to investigate the influence of war on constructions of gender and sexual practices, and how these constructions and practices have, in turn, conditioned the ways in which wars are waged, mediated, felt and understood. A distinguishing feature of the Network will be the re-examination of standard accounts of war, gender and sexuality in the light of alternative, emergent and marginalised histories. An emphasis on the discovery of new facts about the history of gender, sexuality and war, as well as on innovative approaches to the interpretation of historical data, is central to the project's cross- and multi-disciplinary rationale.Across the two-year duration of the project, participants will take part in a series of themed day-long interactive workshops (2 x one-day + 1 x two-day events) focussing on the presentation and evaluation of relevant new research findings. Specifically, the workshops will invite participants to ask:- How, and in what ways, have attitudes to gender and sexuality in relation to war changed over time?- Were attitudes to non-normative gender identities and sexual practices during wartime more or less tolerant at different stages in the past?- How do questions of gender and sexuality bear on questions of military and civilian identity?- In what ways are expressions of non-normative sexuality and alternative forms of gender identity repressed or enabled during wartime?- To what extent does war challenge, modify or support normative family relations, friendships between the sexes, and traditional conceptions of love? Outcomes from these workshops will be published as essays and articles in a variety of formats, including an edited book of essays and a special edition of an academic journal adhering to the principles of 'open access'. Participants will also engage in dialogue with key non-academic beneficiaries, ranging from museum professionals to schools and members of the armed services. Additional materials arising from the project, such as blogs and teaching materials, will be made available to these beneficiaries through a range of media, including web pages, posters, podcasts, webinars and contributions to themed museum displays in London and Ghent. The Network will consolidate informal links with the following research groups and organisations: Group for Early Modern Studies (GEMS, Ghent University), Amsterdam Centre for Comparative Emotion and Sensory Studies (ACCESS, VU University), the Museum Dr Guislain (Ghent) and the National Army Museum (London). The creation of a supportive environment to sustain dialogue beyond the life of the project will ensure that any additional outputs continue to be 'fit for purpose'. This will be done through the development of an electronic contact list and newsletter, facilitated by the PI at the University of Leicester.The project has significant policy relevance, because as the psychologist Paul Gade has commented in a discussion of the influence of academic research on the repeal of the US 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' law: "in each case where nations had removed bans on gays and lesbians serving in their country's military, they did so because their culture had become liberalized toward gays and lesbians".