Demonic Exegesis: The Role of Biblical Interpretation and Exegetical Encounter in the shaping of Jewish and Christian Demonologies

项目目标到拉比时期末期（公元70年）。公元500年)犹太教发展了一套关于恶魔的广泛信仰。这一时期的犹太文学将这些信仰与希伯来圣经中的特定文本联系起来。这些文本中的大多数在其原始历史背景中与恶魔无关。最初与恶魔无关的文本如何以及为什么会被理解为谈论恶魔的文本？这个项目将通过以下问题来研究这种现象，我们称之为“恶魔训诂”：拉比时期的犹太人将哪些圣经文本与恶魔联系在一起？-这些圣经经文第一次与魔鬼联系在一起是什么时候？-这些传统与基督教圣经对魔鬼的解释有什么关系？这个项目汇集了鬼神学的研究，圣经的解释，以及在公元70年至公元500年期间犹太教和基督教的互动。它考虑了希伯来圣经/旧约如何以及为什么在犹太鬼神学中扮演如此重要的角色，并询问这与基督教思想的发展有什么关系。研究背景该项目将对正在进行的关于拉比时期犹太人关于恶魔力量的起源、发展和影响的学术辩论做出重要贡献。近几十年来，对犹太鬼神学的研究受到了相当大的关注。拉比时期的犹太鬼神学有两种研究方法：跨文化分析和历时研究。特别是巴比伦文献中恶魔信仰的盛行，使得学者们开始评估萨珊文化中盛行的信仰在多大程度上已经融入了拉比文献。历时研究的重点是追溯概念的根源，如邪恶倾向，或个体恶魔形象，如萨麦尔，回到犹太历史的早期阶段。对死海古卷中魔鬼学的广泛研究使得这种历时分析成为可能，使学者们能够更好地理解犹太历史上这些决定性和变革时期的连续性和变化程度。对早期基督教的研究也见证了对恶魔领域的新兴趣。一些关于撒旦的“传记”已经出现，重要的研究已经考虑了撒旦、希腊化时期天使学的发展和堕落天使的传统之间的联系。近年来，《新约》和早期教会中驱魔的实践以及精神斗争的概念也成为学术研究的焦点。提议的项目将建立在这些发展的基础上，通过考虑作为圣经解释现象的鬼神学的发展，为讨论带来新的视角。因此，它不仅会产生新的和令人兴奋的结果，将加深我们对这一时期犹太鬼神学的理解，但它也将做出重大贡献，促进我们对犹太人和基督徒之间的“训诂相遇”的范围和性质的理解，这两个传统都处于形成时期。本项目将增强我们对公元1 -6世纪圣经解释动态的理解，它在犹太-基督教互动和身份形成中的作用，以及在鬼神学发展中的作用。其结果将通过在学术会议和出版物（期刊文章、书籍）上的介绍向学术受益者传播。因为在这一时期出现的信仰继续塑造当代思想和实践的模式，这个项目的结果将引起更广泛的社会兴趣。该项目将通过与项目合作伙伴合作，提供公共教育活动，并将其录制并编辑成音频播客，以确保其具有社会影响。

PROJECT AIMSBy the end of the rabbinic period (70CE-c.500CE) Judaism had developed an extensive set of beliefs about demons. Jewish literature from this period connects these beliefs to specific texts from the Hebrew Bible. Most of these texts had nothing to do with demons in their original historical contexts. How and why did texts that originally had nothing to do with demons come to be understood as texts that spoke of demons? This project will examine this phenomenon, which we term 'demonic exegesis', by asking:- Which biblical texts did Jews in the rabbinic period connect with demons?- When were these biblical texts first associated with demons?- How do these traditions relate to Christian biblical interpretation connected to demons?This project brings together the study of demonology, biblical interpretation, and Jewish-Christian interaction in the period 70CE-c.500CE. It considers how and why the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament came to play such a significant role in Jewish demonologies and asks what relationship this has to developments in Christian thought. RESEARCH CONTEXTThe project will make an important contribution to on-going scholarly debates about the origins, development, and influence of Jewish ideas about demonic forces in the rabbinic period. The study of Jewish demonology has received considerable attention in recent decades. Jewish demonology in the rabbinic period has been approached in two ways: through cross-cultural analyses and diachronic studies.The prevalence of beliefs in demons in Babylonian sources in particular has led scholars to evaluate the extent to which beliefs prevalent in Sassanian culture have been integrated into rabbinic sources. Diachronic studies have focused on tracing the roots of concepts, such as the Evil Inclination, or individual demonic figures, such as Samael, back to earlier stages of Jewish history. Extensive studies of demonology in the Dead Sea Scrolls has made this type of diachronic analysis possible and enabled scholars to understand better the extent of continuity and change across these decisive and transformative periods in Jewish history. The study of early Christianity has also witnessed a renewed interest in the demonic realm. Several 'biographies' of Satan have appeared and important studies have considered the connection between Satan, developments in angelology in the Hellenistic period, and traditions of fallen angels. Practices of exorcism in the New Testament and the early Church and the notion of spiritual combat have also been the focus of scholarly studies in recent years.The proposed project will build on these developments, bringing a fresh perspective to the discussion by considering the development of demonologies as a phenomenon of biblical interpretation. As such it will yield not only new and exciting results that will deepen our understanding of Jewish demonology in the period, but it will also make a significant contribution to advancing our understanding of the extent and nature of the 'Exegetical Encounter' between Jews and Christians in a formative period for both traditions. POTENTIAL BENEFITSThis project will enhance our understanding of the dynamics of biblical interpretation in the 1st-6th centuries CE, its role in Jewish-Christian interaction and identity formation, and in the development of demonologies. Its results will be disseminated to academic beneficiaries through presentations at academic conferences and publications (journal articles, book). Because beliefs that emerged in this period continue to shape patterns of contemporary thought and practice, the results of this project will be of interest to wider society. The project will ensure it has societal impact by working with Project Partners to deliver a public educational event that will be recorded and edited into an audio podcast.