Inattentional Blindness and Attention: Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying Failures of Awareness

不注意盲视（Inattentional blindness， IB）是指当注意力被其他事情占据时，无法注意到完全可见的意外事件，它发生在各种各样的环境和许多不同的任务中。尽管对IB进行了十多年的研究，但对这种意识失败的机制知之甚少。在这一单一标题下的各种知觉失败可能反映了单一注意限制的运作，也可能反映了几种不同的注意机制的运作。诱导IB的方法可以分为两类：未能注意到落在注意的空间焦点之外的意外事件，以及未能注意到中心资源有限时的意外事件。拟议的研究将通过测试个体差异变量的影响来分离和探索这些可能的IB机制，这些变量应该只与其中一种机制相关。了解不同的机制是如何促成IB的，对于完全理解这种意识的失败是必不可少的，它也可能有助于找到限制其实际后果的方法。

Inattentional blindness (IB), the failure to notice fully visible unexpected events when attention is otherwise occupied, occurs in a wide variety of contexts and with many different tasks. Despite more than a decade of research on IB, relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying such failures of awareness. The diverse perceptual failures grouped under this single rubric might reflect the operation of a single attention limit or they could reflect the operation of several distinct attention mechanisms. The methods for inducing IB can be grouped into two distinct classes: failures to notice unexpected events that fall outside the spatial focus of attention and failures to notice unexpected events when central resources are limited. The proposed research will isolate and explore these possible mechanisms for IB by testing the impact of individual difference variables that should be associated with just one of these mechanisms. Understanding how different mechanisms contribute to IB is essential for a complete understanding of this sort of failure of awareness, and it also might help to find ways to limit their practical consequences.