权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Arabic and contact-induced language change

阿拉伯语和接触引起的语言变化

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P014089/1
负责人：
Christopher Lucas
金额：
$ 25.47万
依托单位：
School of Oriental and African Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP014089%2F1
关键词：
Arabic contact induced language change

项目摘要

This project seeks to improve our understanding of how and why languages tend to change when they come into contact, with a particular focus on Arabic and the many languages it has influenced and been influenced by in its 1500 years of written and spoken history.The project has three strands. First, there is a theoretical strand, in which the aim is to construct a general model of the cognitive processes at work in the minds of bilingual individuals that cause them to introduce changes into one or both of their languages - changes which can then be acquired by children learning their first languages. In my previous work in this area I have focused on contact between languages that are mutually unintelligible to monolingual speakers of each. In this project I will extend the model so that it also accounts for changes that result from contact between related dialects, and I will also show how this model of contact-induced change can be integrated into existing models that focus on linguistic change that is caused by internal factors, not language contact.The second strand of the project involves collaboration with the project partner, Stefano Manfredi (SeDyL-CNRS), and the project research assistant, to edit a handbook of Arabic and contact-induced language change. Chapters will be contributed by leading experts on this subject, giving accessible summaries of topics including: contact-induced change in the Arabic dialects of various regions, such as Morocco, Malta and Cyprus; the Pidgin/Creole varieties of Arabic spoken in Uganda and South Sudan; Arabic influences on languages such as Aramaic, Swahili and Somali; the influence of different Arabic dialects on each other; and specific areas of Arabic grammar in which contact-induced change has played a role. This handbook will be published by Language Science Press, an open access publisher, so it will be freely available for anyone to read online.The third strand of the project aims at raising awareness of the importance of language and dialect contact for the practice of 'LADO' (language analysis for the determination of origin) in asylum claims by Arabic-speaking individuals in the UK. LADO is a tool used by some governments to aid in decisions on whether asylum claims are genuine. Typically, claimants are interviewed, in Arabic, and their speech in this interview is then examined to see if it exhibits the known features of the dialect of the claimant's stated region of origin. But there is a problem with how LADO is practiced in the initial stages of an asylum claim. In all such LADO reports that I have seen, produced by commercial organisations contracted by the UK government, no account is taken of the fact that the speech of emigrant Arabic speakers is likely to be influenced by the other languages and Arabic dialects they are exposed to daily, as well as by the speech of their interviewer. The project will address this problem by collecting and publishing data on the speech of Arabic speakers resident in London, with a view to providing concrete evidence that Arabic speakers who have left their region of origin are more likely than not to exhibit influence in their speech from dialects other than their own. A second use of LADO is at the appeal stage of an asylum claim, where an independent expert is contracted to produce a new LADO report. Here the problem is that experts are producing their reports in virtual isolation, without common standards of best practice, while solicitors seem to be contacting potential experts on a haphazard, word-of-mouth basis. The project will address this problem through consultative workshops with stakeholders in Arabic-based LADO that aim to establish and then promote the necessary best practices, and by producing and maintaining an online register of LADO-active Arabic linguists for solicitors to contact.The project thus intends to have a genuine impact both in academic linguistics and on the UK asylum system.

该项目旨在提高我们对语言在接触时如何以及为什么会发生变化的理解，特别关注阿拉伯语以及在其1500年的书面和口头历史中它影响和受其影响的许多语言。这个项目有三个部分。首先，有一个理论链，其目的是建立一个认知过程的一般模型，在双语个体的头脑中工作，导致他们引入一种或两种语言的变化-这些变化可以通过儿童学习他们的第一语言来获得。在我之前在这个领域的工作中，我关注的是两种语言之间的联系，这种联系对于每一种语言的单语使用者来说都是相互无法理解的。在这个项目中，我将扩展模型，使其也考虑到相关方言之间接触所导致的变化，我还将展示如何将这种接触引起的变化模型整合到现有的模型中，这些模型关注的是由内部因素引起的语言变化，而不是语言接触。项目的第二部分涉及与项目伙伴Stefano Manfredi （SeDyL-CNRS）和项目研究助理合作，编辑一本阿拉伯语和接触引起的语言变化手册。各章将由这方面的主要专家撰写，提供可访问的主题摘要，包括：接触引起的不同地区阿拉伯语方言的变化，如摩洛哥、马耳他和塞浦路斯；在乌干达和南苏丹使用的洋泾浜语/克里奥尔语；阿拉伯语对阿拉姆语、斯瓦希里语和索马里语等语言的影响；不同阿拉伯语方言之间的相互影响；以及阿拉伯语语法的特定领域，其中接触引起的变化发挥了作用。这本手册将由语言科学出版社出版，这是一家开放获取出版商，因此任何人都可以免费在线阅读。该项目的第三部分旨在提高人们对语言和方言接触的重要性的认识，以便在英国讲阿拉伯语的个人申请庇护时进行“LADO”（确定来源的语言分析）的实践。LADO是一些政府用来帮助决定庇护申请是否真实的工具。通常情况下，用阿拉伯语对索赔人进行面谈，然后对他们在面谈中的讲话进行检查，看其是否表现出索赔人所述原籍地区的方言的已知特征。但在庇护申请的初始阶段如何实施LADO存在一个问题。在我所见过的由英国政府承包的商业组织制作的所有此类LADO报告中，没有考虑到这样一个事实，即说阿拉伯语的移民的语言很可能受到他们日常接触到的其他语言和阿拉伯方言的影响，也可能受到采访者讲话的影响。该项目将通过收集和公布居住在伦敦的阿拉伯语使用者的语言数据来解决这一问题，以期提供具体证据，证明离开原籍地区的阿拉伯语使用者在其语言中更有可能受到非本地区方言的影响。LADO的第二次使用是在庇护申请的上诉阶段，在这个阶段，签约一名独立专家编写一份LADO的新报告。这里的问题是，专家们实际上是在孤立地编写报告，没有共同的最佳做法标准，而律师们似乎是在偶然的、口口相传的基础上联系潜在的专家。该项目将通过与以阿拉伯语为基础的拉丁美洲组织的利益攸关方举行协商讲习班来解决这一问题，这些讲习班旨在确立并推广必要的最佳做法，并制作和维护拉丁美洲组织活跃的阿拉伯语语言学家的在线登记册，供律师联系。因此，该项目打算对学术语言学和英国庇护制度产生真正的影响。