EXERCISE PRESSOR RESPONSES AND THE BRAINSTEM

等长肌肉运动导致心率和血液的增加 压力和通风。这种反应至少有一部分是反射性的。 被唤醒了。这种反射可以方便地在急性动物身上进行研究。 利用切断的腹根刺激实现的模型 肌肉收缩，进而引起心血管疾病 在许多方面与在等轴测过程中观察到的反应相似 锻炼身体。这种反射通常被称为“运动升压反射”。 作为一种方便的操作定义。拟议的研究将 检查具体位置、电生理反应 细胞的特性和免疫细胞化学特性 可能对反射有贡献。用于研究的脑干区域包括： (A)延髓尾侧腹外侧，包括位于延髓腹外侧区或其附近的区域 外侧网状核(LRN)，(B)疑核(NA)，(C) 延髓吻侧腹外侧区包括类似于 (D)包括中缝在内的内侧延髓 核团，“背内侧加压区”， 孤束和下橄榄。这些区域的细胞 将评估对以下方面的反应：(1)肌肉收缩，(2) 压力感受器输入，(3)化学感受器输入，(4)刺激 “丘脑下部运动区”，或“防御区”，也将 评估(5)对交感神经或副交感神经的贡献 流出，以及(6)神经递质含量和各种效应 神经递质。人们认为，一个根本的互惠关系 肌肉之间可能存在抑制关系 收缩诱发的升压反射和各种降压反射； 因此，这两种类型的反射的关键点都将被研究。 分析技术将包括使用1)额外的和 细胞内单细胞电记录2) 免疫细胞化学标记和3)微量注射和 微离子电泳法用于识别各种传递物质。 这些研究将产生对过程的进一步理解 潜在的加压反射及其与 降压反射。此外，该技术还包括 免疫细胞化学标记、细胞内记录和 微离子导入是职业发展培训的领域。

Isometric muscular exercise causes increases in heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation. At least part of this response is reflexly evoked. This reflex may be conveniently studied in acute animal models utilizing stimulation of cut ventral roots to achieve muscular contraction which in turn evokes a cardiovascular response similar in many ways to that observed during isometric exercise. This reflex is often called the "exercise pressor reflex" as a convenient operational definition. The proposed research will investigate the specific location, electrophysiological response characteristics and immunocytochemical properties of cells which may contribute to the reflex. Brainstem areas for study includes: (a) caudal ventrolateral medulla including the area in or near the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), (b) the nucleus ambiguus (NA), (c) rostral ventrolateral medulla including the areas analogous to the C1 area in the rat, and (d) medial medulla including the raphe nuclei, the "dorsomedial pressor region", the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the inferior olive. The cells of these areas will be evaluated for responses to: (1) muscular contraction, (2) baroreceptor input, (3) chemoreceptor input, (4) stimulation of the "subthalamic locomotor area", or "defence area", and also will be evaluated for (5) contribution to sympathetic or parasympathetic outflow, and (6) neurotransmitter content and effects of various neurotransmitters. It is thought that a fundamental reciprocal inhibition relationship might exist between the muscular contraction-evoked pressor reflex and various depressor reflexes; and therefore, key points in both types of reflexes will be studied. The analysis techniques will include the use of 1) both extra and intracellular single cell electrical recording 2) immunocytochemical labelling and 3) microinjection and microiontophoresis to identify various transmitter substances. The studies will yield a further understanding of processes underlying pressor reflexes and their reciprocal relationship with depressor reflexes. Furthermore, the techniques of immunocytochemical labelling, intracellular recording and microiontophoresis are areas for career development training.