EXERCISE PRESSOR RESPONSES AND THE BRAINSTEM

神经递质的识别和特定作用参与 在扰动中的循环的中枢神经控制， 运动是许多实验和争议的主题， 现在的时间 解决这些问题很重要，因为我们 了解自主控制背后的中枢神经活动是 没有这些信息是不完整的。 此外，应用 这些数据可能会导致药物策略的修订， 治疗心血管疾病。 一些最关键的领域， 中枢神经系统参与血压（BP）， 心率（HR）调节的主要途径是：1）中间外侧细胞柱 (IML)含有节前交感神经元的细胞体 （2）包括延髓腹外侧区在内的各种髓质区 (VLM)、中缝核（RN）和锥体旁区 腹内侧髓质（VMM）是主要髓质流出 通往IML的道路 化学传播的本质 这些领域是本提案的重点。 BP和HR升高是常见的日常经验 在运动中。 这项研究将研究神经机制的模型 思维是运动过程中这些变化的基础。 一种模式是集中 介导的，依赖于刺激更高的中心，如 下丘脑，以提高血压和心率。另一个，这一主要焦点 建议，是一个模型的反射机制，在运动反应- 刺激腹根诱导肌肉收缩（VRSMC）， 这反过来又会提高血压和心率。研究血压和心率也很重要。 传递介导的相互作用（降压）的 压力感受器反射（压力反射），因为它被认为是失活的 在升压事件期间。 因此，我们也希望监测化学事件 在压力感受器反射期间-以确定由于压力感受器反射而释放的递质。 隔离压力反射输入，以便意识到任何 这些递质在升压事件期间的变化 锻炼的 我们将鉴定，使用微透析和单细胞记录相结合 微离子导入：首先，哪些物质增加或 在IML水平衰减：1）VRSMC，2）压力感受性反射 刺激和3）刺激选定的脑干部位。 第二， 化学物质在选定的脑干加压器处增加或减弱， 部位：1）VRSMC 2）压力反射刺激和3）刺激 选择间脑和其他脑干部位， 加压信息。

The identification and specific role of the neurotransmitters involved in the central neural control of the circulation in perturbations such as exercise are topics of much experimentation and controversy at the present time. Resolution of these issues is important because our understanding of the central neural events behind autonomic control is incomplete without this information. Furthermore, the application of these data may lead to revisions in the pharmacological strategies for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Some of the most critical areas of the central nervous system which participate in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) regulation are: 1) the intermediolateral cell column (IML) containing the cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons and 2) various medullary areas, including the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), the raphe nuclei (RN) and the parapyramidal region of the,ventromedial medulla (VMM) which in turn are major medullary outflow pathways to the IML. The nature of chemical transmission within these areas are the focus of this proposal. It is a matter of common everyday experience that BP and HR are raised during exercise. This research will study models of neural mechanisms thought underlie these changes during exercise. One model is centrally mediated, relying on stimulation of the higher centers such as the hypothalamus to raise BP and HR. The other, the primary focus of this proposal, is a model of reflex mechanisms in exercise responses- stimulation of the ventral roots to induce muscular contraction (VRSMC), which in turn raises BP and HR. It is also important to study the transmitters mediating the reciprocal action (depressor) of the baroreceptor reflex (baroreflex) as it is thought to be inactivated during pressor events. Thus, we also wish to monitor the chemical events during the baroreflex-to determine the transmitters released due to an isolated baroreflex input so as to be aware of the significance of any changes in these transmitters during the pressor events associated with exercise. We will identify, using microdialysis and single cell recording combined with microiontophoresis: First, which substances are increased or attenuated at the level of the IML during: 1) VRSMC, 2) baroreflex stimulation and 3) stimulation of selected brainstem sites. Second, what chemicals are increased or attenuated at selected brainstem i pressor sites during: 1) VRSMC 2) baroreflex stimulation and 3) stimulation of selected diencephalic and other brainstem sites thought to modulate pressor information.