EXERCISE PRESSOR RESPONSES AND THE BRAINSTEM

等长肌肉运动导致心率和血液的增加 压力和通风。至少在以下方面做出了部分回应 条件反射地唤起。这种反射可以方便地在 急性动物利用切断前根刺激实现 肌肉收缩，进而引起心血管疾病 在许多方面与在等轴测过程中观察到的反应相似 锻炼身体。这种反射通常被称为“运动升压反射”。 作为一种方便的操作定义。拟议的研究 将调查具体位置，电生理 细胞免疫反应特征及免疫细胞化学特性 可能对反射有贡献的细胞。脑干区 研究包括：(A)延髓尾侧腹外侧，包括 外侧网状核(LRN)内或附近的区域和 疑核(NA)，(B)头端延髓腹外侧 包括与大鼠的C1区相似的区域，以及(C) 内侧延髓包括“背内侧加压区”， 孤束核和下橄榄核。这些细胞 将评估这些区域中的以下方面的反应：(1)肌肉 收缩，(2)压力感受器输入，(3)化学感受器输入，(4) 刺激“丘脑底核运动区”或“防御” 面积“，也将评估(5)对补药的贡献 交感神经流出，以及(6)肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素 内容。尽管如此，一个根本的相互抑制 可能存在肌肉收缩之间的关系- 诱发的升压反射和各种降压反射； 因此，这两种类型的反射的关键点都将被研究。 主要的分析技术将包括1)单电池的使用 电记录2)免疫细胞化学标记 酪氨酸羟基酶(TH)和苯乙醇胺-N- 甲基转移酶(PNMT)。这些研究将产生进一步的 对加压反射及其潜在过程的理解 与降压反射的相互关系。

Isometric muscular exercise causes increases in heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation. At least part of this response in reflexly evoked. This reflex may be conveniently studied in acute animal utilizing stimulation of cut ventral roots to achieve muscular contraction which in turn evokes a cardiovascular response similar in many ways to that observed during isometric exercise. This reflex is often called the "exercise pressor reflex" as a convenient operational definition. The proposed research will investigate the specific location, electrophysiological response characteristics and immunocytochemical properties of cells which may contribute to the reflex. Brainstem areas for study include: (a) caudal ventrolateral medulla including the area in or near the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) and the nucleus ambiguus (NA), (b) rostral ventrolateral medulla including the areas analogous to the C1 areas in the rat, and (c) medial medulla including the "dorsomedial pressor region", the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the inferior olive. The cells of these areas will be evaluated for responses to: (1) muscular contraction, (2) baroreceptor input, (3) chemoreceptor input, (4) stimulation of the "subthalamic locomotor area", or "defence area", and also will be evaluated for (5) contribution to tonic sympathetic outflow, and (6) epinephrine and norepinephrine content. It is though that a fundamental reciprocal inhibition relationship might exist between the muscular contraction- evoked pressor reflex and various depressor reflexes; and therefore, key points in both types of reflexes will be studied. The main analysis techniques will include the use of 1) single cell electrical recording 2) immunocytochemical labelling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase (PNMT). The studies will yield a further understanding of processes underlying pressor reflexes and their reciprocal relationship with depressor reflexes.