Translating for change: Anglophone queer cinema and the Chinese LGBT+ movement

本项目分析了以英语为母语(北美、英国、澳大拉西亚)的同性恋电影作为发展同性恋文化和中国权利的一种手段。尽管对这部电影(如Aaron 2004，Griffiths 2006，Rich 2013，Juett and Jones 2010)和全球酷儿电影(如Schoonover and Galt 2016，Pecic 2016)进行了大量的研究，但关于英语酷儿电影的翻译及其与地区性LGBT运动的互动的研究很少。很少或没有研究研究这些电影在翻译中的消费是如何受到媒体生态变化的影响的。通过在中国LGBT权利运动的更广泛背景下调查英语酷儿电影与中国流行文化之间的关系，来填补这一空白。虽然2001年中国的卫生部将同性恋从精神障碍名单中删除，但同性恋者仍然受到歧视和骚扰。刻画同性恋和变性人话题的媒体受到了严格的审查，限制了公众对《中国》中性和性别认同的讨论。《网络视听节目内容审查通则》；中国网播服务协会2017年)。这种审查抑制了国内酷儿电影的发展，却刺激了中国对国际酷儿电影(尤其是讲英语的人)的翻译和消费。最近的工作，主要是社会学和性别研究，分析了中国的同性恋激进主义，涉及电影，从独立的同性恋电影制作(如赵显娥2010)到新兴的同性恋媒体文化中国(如恩格布雷森，施罗德和鲍康如2015)。该项目不是关注中国LGBT群体的媒体表现，而是探索英语同性恋电影的非官方翻译和传播如何参与和塑造中国LGBT权利运动和文化的发展。该项目将与旨在促进LGBT群体平等权利的非营利性中国组织爱白、QAFONE和吉华网络合作，调查中国对英语LGBT电影的翻译和讨论，以及这些翻译后的电影在中国重要的同性恋电影活动(如上海骄傲电影节、上海酷儿电影节、北京酷儿电影节、北京酷儿电影节、中国酷儿独立电影巡回演唱会)以及由中国同性恋组织举办的社会活动。我们的研究将考察参与翻译和传播英语酷儿电影的主要参与者，并扩大现有关于英语国家和中国LGBT运动之间的跨国联系的研究。我们将通过在北京、上海和广州举办的三次研讨会，以及举办一场关于同性恋电影和国际LGBT运动的展览和国际会议，汇聚英国和国际学者、翻译人员和国际LGBT组织的代表，与当地的LGBT社区进行接触，传播研究成果。还将制作一份关于国际(特别是英语国家)酷儿电影的中文翻译的报告(中英文)。这个项目将加深我们对全球和本土酷儿电影文化之间的延续和断裂的理解，并揭示通过电影传播与酷儿相关的知识的趋势和复杂性。我们的研究将提供关于新的数字媒体技术如何为中国同性恋文化带来新的可能性和论坛的有价值的信息。它将促进学者、专业人士、翻译家和活动家之间的联系和对话，并介入当前关于世界同性恋电影和全球同性恋政治的辩论。它对酷儿电影文化和粉丝翻译之间的交集的关注，将为数字化LGBT政治的研究提供一个独特的视角。

This project analyses the use of Anglophone (North American, British, Australasian) queer cinema as a means of developing LGBT+ culture and rights in China. Despite the plethora of research on this cinema (e.g. Aaron 2004, Griffiths 2006, Rich 2013, Juett and Jones 2010) and global queer cinema (e.g. Schoonover and Galt 2016, Pecic 2016), there is little research on the translation of Anglophone queer films and their interactions with regional LGBT+ movements. Little or no research has studied how the consumption of these films in translation has been shaped by changing media ecologies. Translating for Change fills this gap by investigating the relationship between Anglophone queer cinema and Chinese popular culture in the wider context of the Chinese LGBT+ rights movement. Although homosexuality was removed from the list of mental disorders in 2001 by China's Ministry of Health, LGBT+ people continue to suffer discrimination and harassment. Media portraying homosexual and transgender topics have been strictly censored, limiting public discussion of sexual and gender identity in China (e.g. "General Rules of Internet Audiovisual Program Content Censorship"; China Netcasting Services Association 2017). This censorship has suppressed the development of domestic queer cinema, but stimulates the translation and consumption of international queer cinema (especially Anglophone) in China. Recent work, mainly in sociology and gender studies, has analysed Chinese LGBT+ activism involving films, from independent queer filmmaking (e.g. Chao 2010) to the emergent queer media culture in China (e.g. Engebretsen, Schroeder and Bao 2015). Rather than focusing on the media representation of Chinese LGBT+ communities, this project explores how the unofficial translation and dissemination of Anglophone queer films participate in and shape the development of the LGBT+ rights movement and culture in China.Collaborating with Aibai, a non-profit Chinese organization aiming at promoting equal rights for the LGBT+ community, QAFONE and Jihua Network, two of the most influential Chinese LGBT+ subtitling groups, this project will investigate the translation and discussion of Anglophone LGBT+ films in China and the screening of these translated films in important Chinese queer film events (e.g. Shanghai Pride film festival, Shanghai Queer Festival, Beijing Queer Film Festival, China Queer Independent Film Tour) as well as social events organized by Chinese LGBT+ organizations. Our research will examine the key players involved in the translation and dissemination of Anglophone queer films and broaden existing research on transnational connections between Anglophone and Chinese LGBT+ movements. We will engage local Chinese LGBT+ communities and disseminate research findings through three seminars organized in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as well as hosting an exhibition and an international conference on queer cinema and international LGBT+ movements, bringing together UK and international academics, translators and representatives from international LGBT+ organizations. A report (in Chinese and English) will also be produced on the Chinese translation of international (especially Anglophone) queer cinema. This project will deepen our understanding of the continuity and rupture between global and local queer cinematic culture and reveal the trends and complexities in the circulation of queer-related knowledge via film. Our research will provide valuable information about how new digital media technologies enable new possibilities and fora for Chinese queer culture. It will facilitate connections and dialogues among academics, professionals, translators and activists, and intervene in current debates about world queer cinema and global queer politics. Its focus on the intersection between queer cinematic culture and fan translation will offer a unique perspective on studies of digitalized LGBT+ politics.