Translating for change: Anglophone queer cinema and the Chinese LGBT+ movement

这个项目分析了英语（北美，英国，澳大利亚）酷儿电影作为在中国发展LGBT+文化和权利的一种手段。尽管对这种电影（例如Aaron 2004，Griffiths 2006，Rich 2013，Juett和Jones 2010）和全球酷儿电影（例如Schoonover和Galt 2016，Pecic 2016）的研究过多，但对英语酷儿电影的翻译及其与区域LGBT+运动的相互作用的研究很少。很少或根本没有研究如何消费这些电影的翻译已经形成了不断变化的媒体生态。《为改变而翻译》填补了这一空白，在中国LGBT+权利运动的大背景下，调查了英语酷儿电影与中国流行文化之间的关系。尽管中国卫生部在2001年将同性恋从精神疾病名单中删除，但LGBT+人群仍然遭受歧视和骚扰。描述同性恋和跨性别话题的媒体受到严格审查，限制了中国公众对性和性别认同的讨论（例如《互联网视听节目内容审查通则》;中国网络广播服务协会，2017年）。这种审查制度抑制了国内酷儿电影的发展，但刺激了国际酷儿电影（尤其是英语电影）在中国的翻译和消费。最近的工作，主要是在社会学和性别研究，分析了中国LGBT+行动主义涉及电影，从独立的酷儿电影制作（例如Chao 2010）到中国新兴的酷儿媒体文化（例如Engebretsen，Schroeder和Bao 2015）。本项目不关注中国LGBT+群体的媒体表现，而是探讨英语酷儿电影的非官方翻译和传播如何参与和塑造中国LGBT+权利运动和文化的发展。本项目与旨在促进LGBT+群体平等权利的中国非营利组织爱白、QAFONE和际华网络合作，作为中国最具影响力的两个LGBT+字幕组，本项目将调查英语LGBT+电影在中国的翻译和讨论，以及这些翻译电影在中国重要的酷儿电影活动中的放映情况（如上海同志骄傲电影节、上海酷儿电影节、北京酷儿电影节、中国酷儿独立电影巡展）以及中国LGBT+组织举办的社会活动。我们的研究将探讨参与英语酷儿电影翻译和传播的关键参与者，并扩大现有的关于英语和中国LGBT+运动之间跨国联系的研究。我们将通过在北京、上海和广州举办的三场研讨会，以及举办一场关于酷儿电影和国际LGBT+运动的展览和国际会议，吸引英国和国际学者、翻译和国际LGBT+组织的代表，与当地的中国LGBT+社区接触，传播研究成果。此外，还将制作一份关于国际（特别是英语国家）酷儿电影中文翻译的报告（中文和英文）。这个项目将加深我们对全球和本地酷儿电影文化之间的连续性和断裂的理解，并揭示酷儿相关知识通过电影传播的趋势和复杂性。我们的研究将为新的数字媒体技术如何为中国酷儿文化提供新的可能性和论坛提供有价值的信息。它将促进学者，专业人士，翻译和活动家之间的联系和对话，并介入当前关于世界酷儿电影和全球酷儿政治的辩论。它对酷儿电影文化和粉丝翻译之间的交叉点的关注将为数字化LGBT+政治的研究提供独特的视角。

This project analyses the use of Anglophone (North American, British, Australasian) queer cinema as a means of developing LGBT+ culture and rights in China. Despite the plethora of research on this cinema (e.g. Aaron 2004, Griffiths 2006, Rich 2013, Juett and Jones 2010) and global queer cinema (e.g. Schoonover and Galt 2016, Pecic 2016), there is little research on the translation of Anglophone queer films and their interactions with regional LGBT+ movements. Little or no research has studied how the consumption of these films in translation has been shaped by changing media ecologies. Translating for Change fills this gap by investigating the relationship between Anglophone queer cinema and Chinese popular culture in the wider context of the Chinese LGBT+ rights movement. Although homosexuality was removed from the list of mental disorders in 2001 by China's Ministry of Health, LGBT+ people continue to suffer discrimination and harassment. Media portraying homosexual and transgender topics have been strictly censored, limiting public discussion of sexual and gender identity in China (e.g. "General Rules of Internet Audiovisual Program Content Censorship"; China Netcasting Services Association 2017). This censorship has suppressed the development of domestic queer cinema, but stimulates the translation and consumption of international queer cinema (especially Anglophone) in China. Recent work, mainly in sociology and gender studies, has analysed Chinese LGBT+ activism involving films, from independent queer filmmaking (e.g. Chao 2010) to the emergent queer media culture in China (e.g. Engebretsen, Schroeder and Bao 2015). Rather than focusing on the media representation of Chinese LGBT+ communities, this project explores how the unofficial translation and dissemination of Anglophone queer films participate in and shape the development of the LGBT+ rights movement and culture in China.Collaborating with Aibai, a non-profit Chinese organization aiming at promoting equal rights for the LGBT+ community, QAFONE and Jihua Network, two of the most influential Chinese LGBT+ subtitling groups, this project will investigate the translation and discussion of Anglophone LGBT+ films in China and the screening of these translated films in important Chinese queer film events (e.g. Shanghai Pride film festival, Shanghai Queer Festival, Beijing Queer Film Festival, China Queer Independent Film Tour) as well as social events organized by Chinese LGBT+ organizations. Our research will examine the key players involved in the translation and dissemination of Anglophone queer films and broaden existing research on transnational connections between Anglophone and Chinese LGBT+ movements. We will engage local Chinese LGBT+ communities and disseminate research findings through three seminars organized in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as well as hosting an exhibition and an international conference on queer cinema and international LGBT+ movements, bringing together UK and international academics, translators and representatives from international LGBT+ organizations. A report (in Chinese and English) will also be produced on the Chinese translation of international (especially Anglophone) queer cinema. This project will deepen our understanding of the continuity and rupture between global and local queer cinematic culture and reveal the trends and complexities in the circulation of queer-related knowledge via film. Our research will provide valuable information about how new digital media technologies enable new possibilities and fora for Chinese queer culture. It will facilitate connections and dialogues among academics, professionals, translators and activists, and intervene in current debates about world queer cinema and global queer politics. Its focus on the intersection between queer cinematic culture and fan translation will offer a unique perspective on studies of digitalized LGBT+ politics.