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Dark-dwellers as more-than-human misfits: a new synthesis of disability studies, environmental history and histories of human-animal relations.

黑暗居民比人类更格格不入：残疾研究、环境历史和人与动物关系历史的新综合。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V000756/1
负责人：
Andrew John Peter Flack
金额：
$ 25.72万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV000756%2F1
关键词：
Dark dwellers more than human

项目摘要

There are at least a billion people on this planet who possess 'misfitting' bodies and who are consequently directly affected by disability. Many more people encounter different abilities when families, friends, and colleagues are taken into consideration. Disability - and the structures that create it - really matters. It may be marginal, but it is hardly a minority experience. Indeed, when we take time to look at the animal world, we find that 'extraordinary' bodies are all around us. Some dart through the darkness mapping the world through the art of echolocation. Others flourish in underground rivers via senses that allow them to 'see' without eyes. The way in which people in Britain and North America have understood these ways of surviving and thriving in the world have an important history, and that history reveals much about transforming cultural assumptions about what we have thought to be 'normal' bodies and abilities. Since the early nineteenth century, unusual nonhuman bodies have been imagined as variously 'deficient', 'super', 'expendable' and, most recently, highly 'vulnerable' in the face of environmental transformation. These are familiar labels; we find them at the heart of contemporary and historical conversations relating to human disabilityCentred on a deep case study of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century imagination of dark-dwelling creatures and the impact of human systems and structures on their shrouded worlds since the mid-nineteenth century, this cutting-edge research project is really about the ways in which notions of what it means to be 'normal', 'able' and 'vulnerable' have been refracted through the multifarious bodies of animals that live in ways that are radically different from our own. Nocturnal creatures are among the most misunderstood creatures on earth, and that is principally because they are active in an environment from which we are normally excluded. This has facilitated the imagination of nocturnal animal bodies as variously 'abnormal', 'extraordinary', and 'deficient'. Ultimately, misunderstandings of these more-than-human bodies have also rendered them highly vulnerable to exclusion from environments to which they are adapted. By building this case study and generating a brand new research agenda, the project offers an important intellectual and methodological intervention into the allied fields of animal history, environmental history and disability studies. While each of these fields are concerned in varying degrees with the production of identity and the impact of identity politics on the material world, they are yet to interact with each other in mutually generative ways. More-than-human histories need to embrace disability studies approaches in order to better appreciate the wide array of engagements which constitute human relationships with the natural world and the ways in which abled and disabled identities have been constructed and refracted through and via the bodies of our animal kin. Disability studies needs to turn to the more-than-human world as a means of pivoting around the concept of disability itself; to challenge what we think we know about historical discourses of ability and normativity, re-energising a stagnating conversation about the conditions that exclude and marginalise the 'differently-abled'. This research is crucial in other ways, too. In exposing connections between discourses of normalcy, ability, vulnerability and adaptation across the human and more-than-human realms, it may be possible to generate recognition of shared vulnerabilities that transcend the human-nonhuman divide that has permitted the marginalisation of living beings across the course of modernity. Engagement and impact activities benefiting Key Stage 2 children, their teachers, sight-impaired individuals and vision clinicians highlight the potential of thinking creatively about diversity and vulnerability as issues that unite rather than isolate all living beings.

这个星球上至少有10亿人拥有“不合适”的身体，因此直接受到残疾的影响。当考虑到家人、朋友和同事时，更多的人会遇到不同的能力。残疾--以及造成残疾的结构--真的很重要。它可能是边缘性的，但它几乎不是少数人的经验。事实上，当我们花时间观察动物世界时，我们发现“非凡”的身体就在我们周围。有些人在黑暗中飞奔，通过回声定位的艺术绘制世界地图。另一些则在地下河中通过感官繁衍，这种感官使它们不用眼睛就能“看到”。英国人和北美人对这些生存方式的理解有着重要的历史，这段历史揭示了很多关于我们认为是“正常”的身体和能力的文化假设的转变。自世纪初以来，不寻常的非人类身体被想象成各种各样的“缺陷”，“超级”，“消耗品”，最近，在面对环境变化时高度“脆弱”。这些都是熟悉的标签;我们发现他们在当代和历史对话的核心有关人类残疾集中在一个深刻的案例研究的十九和世纪的想象黑暗居住的生物和人类系统和结构的影响，他们笼罩的世界自十九世纪中期，这个尖端的研究项目是真正的方式，在什么是“正常”的概念，“有能力”和“脆弱”已经通过动物的多样性身体折射出来，这些动物的生活方式与我们的生活方式完全不同。夜行生物是地球上最容易被误解的生物之一，这主要是因为它们活跃在一个我们通常被排除在外的环境中。这促进了人们对夜行动物身体的想象，如“异常”、“非凡”和“缺陷”。最终，对这些超越人类的身体的误解也使他们非常容易被排斥在他们所适应的环境之外。通过建立这个案例研究和产生一个全新的研究议程，该项目提供了一个重要的智力和方法干预动物史，环境史和残疾研究的相关领域。虽然每一个领域都在不同程度上涉及身份的产生以及身份政治对物质世界的影响，但它们还没有以相互生成的方式相互作用。比人类历史更需要接受残疾研究的方法，以更好地理解构成人类与自然世界的关系的广泛参与，以及通过我们的动物亲属的身体构建和折射的健全和残疾身份的方式。残疾研究需要转向超越人类的世界，作为围绕残疾概念本身的一种手段;挑战我们认为我们所知道的关于能力和规范性的历史话语，重新激发关于排除和边缘化“不同能力”的条件的停滞对话。这项研究在其他方面也很重要。在揭示正常性，能力，脆弱性和适应性的话语之间的联系，在人类和超越人类的领域，它可能会产生共同的脆弱性，超越人类和非人类的鸿沟，允许边缘化的生物在整个现代性的过程中的认识。参与和影响活动受益关键阶段2儿童，他们的老师，视力受损的个人和视力临床医生强调创造性地思考多样性和脆弱性的潜力，团结而不是孤立所有生物的问题。