Gender Equalities at Work: an Interdisciplinary History of 50 Years of Legislation

工作中的性别平等：50 年立法的跨学科历史

• 批准号: AH/V001175/1
• 负责人: Louise Jackson
• 金额: $ 90.68万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV001175%2F1
• 关键词: Gender; Equalities; Work; Interdisciplinary; History

This project will produce the first comprehensive interdisciplinary history of the creation, trajectories, legacies and lived experiences of the Equal Pay Act 1970 and Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (now integrated for GB in the Equality Act 2010) across the four nations of the UK.It is approaching 50 years since the enactment of this landmark legislation which, in theory, introduced the principle of gender equality into the workplace as a statutory requirement. Its practical inadequacies have attracted almost constant evaluation and commentary ever since, leading to further changes or adaptations (often through 'soft' law rather than statute). UK-made law has also been shaped by - and, in turn, has influenced - European legal institutions and frameworks. Yet, the full story of the directions that workplace gender equality law has taken across time - of why, with what significance and, importantly, by and for whom the law has been used - remains unwritten. Moreover a tendency (within disciplines such as social policy and legal studies) to focus on the law's (current) limitations, has meant that there has been little retrospective analysis of the process of change itself: of understanding how the terms of debate have been shifted, of the personal (and collective) skill, creativity and energy this has entailed, and of the tools that have been used to do this. Alongside its examination of the trajectories of i) equal pay and ii) sex discrimination, this project will be the first to examine the history of responses to iii) workplace sexual harassment (judged to be a form of discrimination in 1986) up to and including #MeToo. The project will examine the period from 1964 (when equal pay was first included as a party manifesto commitment) until 2020 (departure from the European Union), drawing in the first instance on methods and sources that are historical (and used widely in gender history and legal history). It will collect archival sources from a wide range of UK repositories and undertake oral history interviews with 40 'key actors' (including lawyers, litigants, campaigners, trade unionists, and equality commissioners) to retrieve the history of the law in action, as agency, and as personal experience. It also aims to develop an interdisciplinary toolkit for understanding change as a dynamic process by drawing on concepts and frameworks from feminist political science and industrial relations. We will construct a multi-dimensional timeline of the architectures, actors and discourses associated with gender equality legislation, identifying and, subsequently, analysing key junctures or moments of change to understand how they came about and with what effects. Whilst focusing on gender, the project will examine its intersection with other categories that are constitutive of workplace inequality, particularly race/ethnicity, religion and life-cycle. The project will be the first history to examine the influence of intersectionality on legal thinking and campaigning in relation to UK workplace gender equality as well as the difficulties experienced in giving intersectionality legal form.The project will result in a set of academic articles that are likely to be of interest to scholars of legal history, women's and gender history, labour history, and gender studies. A public-facing website hosting a wide range of resources and materials will be designed for use by teachers, students, campaigners and advocacy groups. In exploring how and in what ways change has come about, it will highlight successful tools and strategies that have been used previously by campaigners (as well as reasons for failure), and offer personal insights from the perspective of those centrally involved as 'lessons from history'. We will also curate a mobile exhibition to support talks/events for those involved in government, policy-making and campaigning now, enhancing historical awareness of the nature of change over the last 50 years.

该项目将产生第一个全面的跨学科历史的创建，轨迹，遗产和1970年平等报酬法和1975年性别歧视法的生活经验（现纳入英国《2010年平等法》）。这一具有里程碑意义的立法颁布已近50年，从理论上讲，将性别平等原则作为法定要求引入工作场所。它在实践中的不足之处吸引了几乎不断的评价和评论，导致了进一步的修改或调整（通常通过“软”法律而不是法规）。英国制定的法律也受到欧洲法律的制度和框架的影响。然而，关于工作场所性别平等法在不同时期所采取的方向的完整故事--为什么、有什么意义，以及重要的是，法律被谁使用以及为谁使用--仍然没有成文。此外，（在社会政策和法律的研究等学科中）注重法律（当前）局限性的趋势意味着很少对变革过程本身进行回顾性分析：了解辩论的术语是如何改变的，这需要个人（和集体）技能、创造力和精力，以及用于做到这一点的工具。除了对i）同工同酬和ii）性别歧视的轨迹进行研究外，该项目还将首次研究对iii）工作场所性骚扰（1986年被判定为一种歧视形式）的反应历史，包括#MeToo。该项目将审查从1964年（当时同工同酬首次被列入政党宣言承诺）到2020年（脱离欧洲联盟）的时期，首先借鉴具有历史意义的方法和资料来源（并在性别史和法律的史中广泛使用）。它将收集档案来源广泛的英国存储库和进行口述历史采访40个“关键演员”（包括律师，诉讼人，活动家，工会会员和平等专员）检索法律的历史在行动中，作为机构，并作为个人经验。它还旨在开发一个跨学科工具包，通过借鉴女权主义政治学和劳资关系的概念和框架，将变革理解为一个动态过程。我们将构建一个多维度的时间轴的架构，演员和话语与性别平等立法，识别和随后分析关键的转折点或时刻的变化，以了解他们是如何来的，有什么影响。该项目在侧重于性别问题的同时，还将审查其与构成工作场所不平等的其他类别的交叉点，特别是种族/族裔、宗教和生命周期。该项目将是第一个历史研究交叉性的影响法律的思维和运动有关英国工作场所的性别平等，以及在给予交叉性法律的形式所经历的困难。该项目将导致一套学术文章，可能是有兴趣的学者的法律的历史，妇女和性别的历史，劳动史，性别研究。将设计一个面向公众的网站，提供各种资源和材料，供教师、学生、活动家和宣传团体使用。在探索如何以及以何种方式实现变革的过程中，它将突出活动家以前使用过的成功工具和策略（以及失败的原因），并从那些主要参与者的角度提供个人见解，作为“历史教训”。我们还将策划一个移动的展览，以支持那些参与政府，政策制定和竞选活动的人的会谈/活动，提高对过去50年变化性质的历史认识。

项目成果

The whiteness of "sex discrimination": a historical antiracist analysis of UK gender equality legislation

“性别歧视”的白度：英国性别平等立法的历史反种族主义分析

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Christoffersen, A.

Five angry men: advocating for and mobilizing EU gender equality law to advance men's rights

五个愤怒的男人：倡导和动员欧盟性别平等法以促进男性权利

• DOI: 10.1111/jols.12455
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Law and Society
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: AYADA S

Equal value then and now: findings from the Gender@50 research project

过去和现在的同等价值：Gender@50 研究项目的发现

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Conley, H.

The whiteness of 'sex discrimination': theorising white feminist ideology in politics

“性别歧视”的白人：政治中白人女权主义意识形态的理论化

• DOI: 10.1332/25151088y2023d000000010
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: European Journal of Politics and Gender
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Christoffersen A

Exponential inequalities and the limits of equality law

指数不等式和平等法的局限性

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Ayada, S.