Creating recovery: a case-study of how autistic people, families, health professionals & artists in Peru can build inclusive learning through COVID-19

本案例研究探讨了如何采用基于戏剧的创新方法，使自闭症患者能够抵御Covid-19并实现包容性恢复。HERITAGE （PI）将领导一项多学科研究，汇集来自学术界（艺术/人文/医学）、艺术从业者（包括秘鲁戏剧公司La Plaza和英国戏剧公司Flute theatre）、自闭症患者及其家人、医疗工作者和民间社会组织的专业知识和知识。虽然大流行继续影响全球人民的生活，但“自闭症谱系障碍患者被确定为2019冠状病毒病并发症风险较高的群体的一部分”（Eshraghi et al., 2020）。由于呆在家里和保持社交距离协议使许多家庭无法获得急需的治疗，长笛开发了创新的在线工作方式，以建立适应能力，并使自闭症年轻人在COVID-19的背景下恢复健康。广场剧院是拉丁美洲领先的剧院组织之一。最近，它完成了一个为期两年的（针对演员和观众的）神经多样性戏剧项目，制作出了享誉国际的《哈姆雷特》。自2020年3月关闭以来，它的剧院通过在线演出和虚拟研讨会吸引了70多万观众。La Plaza热衷于继续与神经多样性的演员和观众合作，使用Flute的在线表演策略，为残疾人包容性康复的艺术策略的发展提供信息。20多年来，Flute一直致力于开发《Hunter Heartbeat Method》，这是一系列基于莎士比亚节奏和语言的感官戏剧游戏，由Kelly Hunter MBE创造，为自闭症患者提供了一个表达自己的机会(见：https://flutetheatre.co.uk/changing-lives-of-people-with-autism/hunterheartbeatmethod/ https://www.amazon.co.uk/Shakespeares-Heartbeat-Kelly-Hunter/dp/1138016977).This项目将调查秘鲁讲西班牙语的戏剧制作人如何采用长笛的创新参与式方法，测试拉丁美洲的自闭症患者及其家庭如何在疫情期间获得艺术组织的支持，从而减少社会隔离。Flute和La Plaza开发的方法将通过与阿根廷（Crear Vale La Pena）、哥伦比亚（Fundación Batuta）和巴西（Redes da mar<s:1>）三个艺术组织的观察、参与和讨论来传播，这三个艺术组织是HERITAGE （https://peoplespalaceprojects.org.uk/en/projects/building-resilience/）建立的艺术和心理健康区域网络的一部分。然后，该网络将设法建立更广泛传播和执行的机制。秘鲁的《自闭症谱系障碍患者国家计划》（2019-2021年）描述了支撑其方案的四个相互关联的轴线或方法：1)人权：保障国家的政治、法律和道德责任，确保尊重、保护和促进自闭症谱系障碍患者的权利，以克服影响他们的歧视性做法和社会不平等。2)平等：减少自闭症患者所经历的深刻的社会劣势，并考虑到性别和一系列其他产生不平等的社会经济或文化因素。3)跨文化：尊重文化差异作为公正社会的支柱意味着接受神经多样性作为人类状况的一部分。4)代际：创造干预措施，承认家庭内代际相互依存和不同年龄之间相互关系的重要性。案例研究将探讨如何通过在艺术家、保健工作者、邻居（即当地观众）、家庭和自闭症患者之间建立基于社区的伙伴关系来推进这些方法。

This case-study interrogates how innovative, theatre-based methodologies can be adapted to enable resilience to and inclusive recovery from Covid-19 by autistic individuals. HERITAGE (PI) will lead a multidisciplinary study that brings together expertise and knowledge from academics (arts/humanities/medicine), arts practitioners including Peruvian theatre company La Plaza and British theatre company Flute Theatre, autistic people and their families, healthcare workers and civil society organisations.While the pandemic continues to impact the lives of people around the globe, 'individuals with autism spectrum disorder are being identified a part of a group at higher risk for complications from Covid-19' (Eshraghi et al., 2020). As stay-at-home and social distancing protocol made access to much needed therapies impossible for many families, Flute developed innovative ways of working online to build the resilience and enable the recovery of autistic young people within the context of COVID-19.Teatro La Plaza is one of Latin America's leading theatre organisations. It recently completed a two-year neurodiverse theatre project (for actors and audiences) that resulted in an internationally acclaimed production of Hamlet and, since itstheatre was closed in March 2020, has reached over 700,000 audience members through online performances and virtual workshops. La Plaza is keen to continue previous work with neurodiverse actors and audiences using Flute's online performance strategies, to inform the development of arts-based strategies for disability-inclusive recovery.For over 20 years Flute has been developing the Hunter Heartbeat Method, a series of sensory drama games based on Shakespearean rhythms and language, created by Kelly Hunter MBE, offering autistic people an opportunity to express themselves (see: https://flutetheatre.co.uk/changing-lives-of-people-with-autism/hunterheartbeatmethod/ https://www.amazon.co.uk/Shakespeares-Heartbeat-Kelly-Hunter/dp/1138016977).This project will investigate how Flute's innovative participatory methodologies can be adapted by Spanish-speaking theatre-makers in Peru, testing how autistic individuals and their families in Latin America can gain access to support from arts organisations throughout the pandemic that reduces social isolation.The methodologies developed by Flute and La Plaza will be disseminated through observation, engagement and discussion with three arts organisations working in Argentina (Crear Vale la Pena), Colombia Fundación Batuta) and Brazil (Redes da Maré) who are part of a regional network on arts and mental health established by HERITAGE (https://peoplespalaceprojects.org.uk/en/projects/building-resilience/). The network will then seek to establish mechanisms for wider dissemination and implementation.Peru's National Plan for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2019-2021) describes the four interconnected axes or approaches that will underpin its programme: 1) Human Rights: to guarantee the State's political, legal and ethical responsibility to guarantee the respect, protection and promotion of the rights of people with ASD in order to overcome discriminatory practices and social inequalities that affect them. 2) Equality: to reduce the profound social disadvantage experienced by people with ASD and take into account gender and a range of other socio-economic or cultural factors which produce inequalities. 3) Intercultural: to respect cultural differences as a pillar of a just society means to accept neurodiversity as a part of the human condition. 4) Intergenerational: to create interventions that recognises the generational interdependence within families and the importance of reciprocal relations between different ages. The case-study will explore how each of these approaches can be advanced by establishing community-based partnerships between artists, health care workers, neighbours (i.e. local audiences), families and autistic individuals.