Build Back Better: a participatory approach to mapping, measuring and mobilising cultural heritage in Brazil's Iron Quadrangle

这项研究解决了一种预测的危险对巴西文化遗产的严重威胁，这一危险一直被一系列国际科学专家、当地工程师和社区积极分子作为一个紧迫的关切提出。一个试点项目将在巴西的Quadrilatero Ferrifero(Iron Quadrangle)进行，这是一个具有丰富文化、环境和历史价值的地区，也是巴西最大的铁矿石储量所在地。铁四合院包括联合国教科文组织的两个世界遗产(Ouro Preto和Congonas)、五个被列为巴西国家遗产的城镇、数百个名录古迹、独特的考古遗址以及一些巴西重要的土著岩画和陶瓷。17世纪和18世纪，雕塑家、画家、工匠和工程师将铁四边形矿物中的金色、皂石和鲜艳的颜料改造成代表巴西巴洛克风格典范的建筑。该地区丰富的非物质文化植根于口味、声音、文字、节奏、舞蹈、装饰和仪式，这些都是在有争议的历史中锻造出来的，并从巴西最令人眩晕和青翠的土地上开采出来的。然而，人民、出色的自然环境和丰富的文化遗产面临着工业采矿造成的灾难性自然和人道主义灾难的迫在眉睫的风险。2015-2019年期间发生的两次重大山体滑坡和洪水事件导致近300人丧生，并在1000公里的分水岭沿线造成环境破坏。尽管巴西的铁四方具有独特的文化意义，但还没有系统的研究来衡量最近的灾难对该地区的文化遗产或当地社区生活的影响。该项目将试行一种以社区为基础的协作方法，以纠正巴西当前灾害应对政策中长期缺乏数据的问题。研究小组将与InhoTim Institute(拉丁美洲最大的户外艺术收藏，也是巴西最负盛名的当代艺术画廊之一)合作，提出并测试一种方法，培训当地艺术和文化组织的代表，学习共同创建文化实践和资产清单的方法。利用多学科指标工具来衡量文化价值，这项研究将考察文化遗产作为转型和再生过程的一部分可以起到什么作用。该项目将使InhoTim成为一个能力中心--“枢纽”--以社区为基础的研究战略，将文化遗产视为确保生存免受未来风险的一种手段。该项目的一个主要目的是加强文化遗产在社会议程中的作用，并通过与当地社区、艺术家和文化组织的对话强调文化资产和资源的可衡量的社会、文化和经济利益，从而影响决策者的决策。

This research addresses an acute threat to Brazilian cultural heritage from a predicted hazard that has been persistently raised as an urgent concern by a range of international scientific experts, local engineers and community activists. A pilot project will be undertaken within Brazil's Quadrilatero Ferrifero (Iron Quadrangle), a region of rich cultural, environmental and historical value but also the site of Brazil's largest iron ore reserves. The Iron Quadrangle includes two UNESCO World Heritage sites (Ouro Preto and Congonhas), five towns classified as Brazilian National Heritage sites, hundreds of listed monuments, unique archaeological sites and some of Brazil's significant indigenous rock paintings and ceramics. The gold, soapstone and vibrant pigments of the minerals of the Iron Quadrangle were transformed in the 17th and 18th centuries by sculptors, painters, craftworkers and engineers into architecture that represents the apotheosis of the Brazilian Baroque. The region's abundant immaterial culture is rooted in tastes, sounds, words, rhythms, dances, decorations and rituals that have been forged in contested histories and mined from Brazil's most vertiginous and verdant land. Yet the people, the outstanding natural environment and the rich cultural heritage are at imminent risk from catastrophic natural and humanitarian disaster resulting from industrial mining. Two major landslip and flood events between 2015-2019 resulted in the loss of almost 300 lives and wreaked environmental devastation along a 1000km watershed. Despite the unique cultural significance of Brazil's Iron Quadrangle, there has been no systematic research to measure the impact of recent disasters on the region's cultural heritage or on the lives of local communities. The project will pilot a community-based, collaborative approach to redressing the chronic lack of data in Brazil's current disaster response policy. In partnership with the Inhotim Institute (Latin America's largest outdoor art collection and one of Brazil's most prestigious contemporary art galleries), the research team will propose and test a method to train representatives from local arts and cultural organisations in methodologies that co-create inventories of cultural practices and assets. Using multi-disciplinary indicator tools to calibrate cultural value the research will examine what role cultural heritage can have as part of a process of transformation and regeneration. The project will establish Inhotim as a competence centre - 'hub' - for a community-based research strategy that values cultural heritage as a means of securing survival against future risks. A key aim of this project is to enhance cultural heritage's role in social agendas and influence decisions by policy makers by highlighting the measurable social, cultural and economic benefits of cultural assets and resources in dialogue with local communities, artists and cultural organisations.