Lexical resources for Enggano, a threatened language of Indonesia

英格加诺语是印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛南部海岸外的英格加诺岛上的一种语言，大约有1500人说。英加诺语被列为“濒危”语言：只有老一辈的英加诺语才能完全流利地使用。许多孩子说印尼语，很少甚至不会说英语。与不讲英语的人的密切接触可能会继续并蔓延到整个岛屿，这对英语是不利的。我们目前的AHRC项目（AH/S011064/1）有四个主要目标：我们通过创建转录、翻译和分析音频和视频记录的数据集来记录和保存语言；我们正在研究当代英加诺语的词汇，以探索英加诺语与该地区其他语言的关系；我们通过写论文和文章来报告我们的研究，我们正在研究英语的参考语法；我们正在与社区和当地教育工作者合作，通过提供教科书，使当地学校能够教授英语，来保护这门语言。在我们的研究过程中，出现了两个需要进一步研究的领域。第一部分涉及对英语词汇形式的深入研究，将当代实地调查与对历史数据集和词汇表的分析相结合。关于Enggano有大量的历史资料，从19世纪和20世纪到Enggano岛的游客记录的词汇，到20世纪和21世纪语言学家撰写的词典和简短语法，以及我们自己对当代语言的研究。我们的项目将建立一个大型的英语词汇电子数据库，利用英语的历史工作和我们自己的实地工作。我们将选择英语词汇形式的一个子集来深入研究它们的历史，它们与该地区其他语言中相应形式的关系，以及从其他语言中借用词汇的形式的历史。我们将在我们的项目网站上公开我们的数据库，我们将在项目结束时把它存放在一个标准的语言存储库中，这样它就可以永远用于研究。我们的工作将为了解19世纪中期以来英语词汇的发展提供一个窗口，并将有助于回答有关南岛人移民的史前和南岛语族结构的问题。第二个需求是支持英加诺社区目前在文化和语言回收/维护/振兴方面的工作。我们建议从我们的英语词汇数据库中提取两个产品。首先，我们将制作一本英语-印尼语-英语学习词典，包括纸质版和电子版，与我们目前项目中正在制作的英语教科书相协调。这本词典将配以当地植物、动物和具有重要文化意义的物品的照片和图画。第二，我们将制作一个基于手机的英印英词典应用程序，供整个社区使用，并配有照片和绘图。我们的工作将成为对濒危语言的语言学实地考察与结合旧数据库和词表的历史语言学工作相结合的典范。这将使Enggano社区受益，他们将获得一个了解他们的语言历史的窗口，否则他们将被关闭，并将成为其他濒危语言使用者社区类似努力的典范。

Enggano, with about 1500 speakers, is spoken on Enggano Island, off the southern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Enggano is classified as "threatened": only the elder generation are fully competent and fluent speakers. Many children speak Indonesian and little to no Enggano. Intensified contact with non-Enggano speakers is likely to continue and spread throughout the island, to the detriment of Enggano.Our current AHRC project (AH/S011064/1) has four main aims: we are documenting and preserving the language by creating a dataset of transcribed, translated, and analyzed audio and video recordings; we are examining the vocabulary of contemporary Enggano to explore the relation of Enggano to other languages of the region; we are reporting on our research by writing papers and articles, and we are working on a reference grammar of Enggano; and we are working with the community and with local educators to preserve the language by providing textbooks that will enable the teaching of Enggano in local schools. In the course of our research, two areas have emerged in which additional work is needed. The first involves in-depth research on Enggano wordforms, combining contemporary fieldwork with the analysis of historical datasets and wordlists. There is a good deal of historical material on Enggano, from vocabulary recorded by visitors to Enggano Island in the 19th and 20th centuries, to dictionaries and short grammars written by linguists in the 20th and 21st centuries, in addition to our own research on the contemporary language. Our project will create a large electronic database of Enggano wordforms, drawing on historical work on Enggano as well as our own fieldwork. We will select a subset of Enggano wordforms for intensive study of their history, their relation to the corresponding forms in other languages of the region, and the history of the form for words borrowed from other languages. We will make our database publicly available on our project website, and we will deposit it in a standard linguistic repository at the end of the project, so that it will remain perpetually available for research use. Our work will provide a window on the development of Enggano vocabulary since the mid-19th century, and will help to answer questions about the pre-history of Austronesian migration and the structure of the Austronesian language familyThe second need is to support the Enggano community in their current work on cultural and language reclamation/maintenance/revitalization. We propose to extract two products from our Enggano lexical database. First, we will produce a learner's Enggano-Indonesian-English dictionary in both hard copy and electronic form, coordinated with the Enggano textbooks that we are producing in our current project. The dictionary will be illustrated with photographs and drawings of local plants, animals, and culturally significant objects. Second, we will produce a mobile phone-based Enggano-Indonesian-English dictionary app for use by the entire community, also illustrated with photographs and drawings.Our work will stand as a model for the combination of linguistic fieldwork on a threatened language with historical linguistic work incorporating older databases and wordlists. It will benefit the Enggano community, who will gain a window on the history of their language which would otherwise have been closed to them, and will serve as an exemplar for similar efforts for other communities of speakers of endangered languages.