Gender Wars: East and South

在过去的十年里，保守派在地球仪各地对妇女和LGBTQ权利进行了重大反弹。从俄罗斯到美国，限制妇女生育权的尝试伴随着对（自由主义）女权主义和非异性恋身份的强烈反对。特别是在中东欧和拉丁美洲，保守派政治和宗教行为体试图遏制有关性别不平等、生殖不公正、性暴力和对LGBTQ社区歧视的辩论。“性别意识形态”一词已经被一系列行为者所采用，包括右翼政治家和天主教及福音派传教士，以动员对保守派和民粹主义议程的支持。在这两个地区，保守派人士将女权主义和LGBTQ权利描绘为国际机构“文化殖民”的结果，以及移民水平增加导致的人口结构变化。他们借用权利的语言，主张禁止堕胎，并主张父母有权根据基于信仰的价值观教育子女有关性和性行为的知识。在这两个区域的国家，这导致了基于平等的性教育和性别研究的边缘化，拒绝批准《伊斯坦布尔公约》，以及拒绝变性人的自我认同。东方和南方是一个国际，一个跨学科的学者和艺术家网络，跨区域视角。它的目的是汇集学科专业知识，基于区域的知识和当地的专业知识，以阐明这些地区的不同制度，宗教和文化历史如何促进当代反弹的发展。现有的学术研究，主要是由政治科学家，主要集中在“反性别主义”的政治层面，记录激进右翼政党的选举成功，或在右翼保守派领导的国家对反性别歧视政策的跨国反弹。然而，这留下了重要的文化和历史层面的研究不足。宗教生活、家庭结构的历史性变化，以及妇女和LGBTQ权利领域的法律的改革，在产生当代“反性别主义”方面发挥了什么作用？各种形式的专制政权和专制后民主化进程的经历如何影响了社会和文化对性别和性的看法？在这些地区，新自由主义的影响（例如，劳动法规和社会福利的变化）如何与“支持家庭”的保守做法相协调？通过一系列研讨会，圆桌会议，以及由网络中心的学者主办的艺术干预（牛津大学，中欧大学，联邦巴伊亚大学，阿姆斯特丹大学，巴西利亚大学，华沙大学），性别战争旨在通过利用专家，区域知识和网络成员的当地联系。它将带来来自人文和社会科学的“反性别”运动的学者与政治科学家对话，以揭示每个地区的历史，社会文化和宗教特定动态，这些动态产生并支持对妇女和LGBTQ权利的保守反弹。最后，它将揭示艺术在批判性地质疑和抵制拉丁美洲和中东欧的反性别运动中的作用，并将艺术家主导的实践融入跨学科对话的促进，记录和传播中。

The last decade has seen a significant conservative backlash against women's and LGBTQ rights across the globe. From Russia to the United States, attempts to curtail women's reproductive rights have been accompanied by a backlash against (liberal) feminism and non-heterosexual identities. In Central Eastern Europe and Latin America, in particular, conservative political and religious actors have sought to curb debate about gender inequality, reproductive injustice, sexual violence, and discrimination against LGBTQ communities. The term "gender ideology" has been adopted by a range of actors, including right-wing politicians and catholic and evangelical preachers, to mobilise support for conservative and populist agendas. In both regions, conservative actors portray feminism and LGBTQ rights as the outcome of "cultural colonisation" from international bodies and changing demographics from increased levels of migration. Appropriating the language of rights, they advocate a ban on abortion and parents' rights to educate their children about sex and sexuality based on faith-based values. In countries across both regions, this has led, amongst other things, to the marginalization of equality-based sex education and Gender Studies, a the refusal to ratify the Istanbul Convention, and a rejection of self-identification for transgender people.Gender Wars: East and South is an international, interdisciplinary network of scholars and an artist focusing on gender and sexuality across Latin America and Central Eastern Europe in a comparative, cross-regional perspective . Its purpose is to bring together disciplinary expertise, area-based knowledge, and local know-how to shed light on how different institutional, religious, and cultural histories in and across these regions have contributed to the development of the contemporary backlash. Existing scholarship, mostly by political scientists, has mostly focused on the political dimensions of "anti-genderism", documenting the electoral successes of radical right parties, or the transnational backlash against anti-gender discrimination policies in countires with right-wing, conservative leadership. However, this has left significant cultural and historical dimensions understudied. What role have historical changes in religious life, family structures, and legal reforms in the field women's and LGBTQ rights played in generating contemporary "anti-genderisms"? How has the experience of various forms of authoritarian regimes and processes of post-authoritarian democratization influenced social and cultural perceptions of gender and sexuality? How have the effects of neoliberalism (for instance, changes in labour regulations and social welfare) intersected with "pro-family" conservative approaches in these regions?Across a series of workshops, roundtables, and artistic interventions hosted by academics at network hubs (University of Oxford, Central European University, Federal University of Bahia, University of Amsterdam, University of Brasilia, University of Warsaw), Gender Wars aims to document the similarities, differences, and connections between "anti-gender" movements across the two regions by harnessing the specialist, area-based knowledge and local contacts of network members. It will bring scholars of "anti-gender" movements from across the Humanities and Social Sciences in dialogue with political scientists, in order to expose the historically, socio-culturally, and religiously specific dynamics in each region which generate and underpin the conservative backlash against women's and LGBTQ rights. Finally, it will expose the role of art in critically interrogating and resisting anti-gender movements in Latin America and Central Eastern Europe and integrate artist-led practice in the facilitation, recording, and dissemination of inter-disciplinary dialogues.