Biofortifying Brassica with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) for human health

利用钙 (Ca) 和镁 (Mg) 对芸苔进行生物强化，以促进人类健康

• 批准号: BB/G013969/1
• 负责人: Martin Roger Broadley
• 金额: $ 67.29万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FG013969%2F1
• 关键词: Biofortifying; Brassica; calcium; Ca; magnesium

Over 10% of the UK population consumes insufficient calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) for adequate health. Magnesium intakes are especially low for >40% of UK women aged 19-34. Dietary delivery of bioavailable Ca and Mg can be increased through genetic (breeding) and agronomic (fertiliser) biofortification of crops. Successful biofortification requires increasing the Ca and Mg concentration of edible crop portions whilst minimising the content of antinutrients such as oxalate and phytate. Antinutrients inhibit Ca and Mg uptake in the human gut. Vegetable Brassica crops are good targets as they have a high capacity for Ca and Mg, and low oxalate and phytate contents, along with other health benefits. Targeted genetic improvement of vegetable Brassica can have significant effects on Ca and Mg delivery to UK and global diets. Building on previous evolutionary studies, we showed recently for the first time that relatively few genetic loci control leaf Ca and Mg concentration (leaf-Ca and Mg; Broadley MR et al. 2008; Plant Physiol. 146, 1707-20). We also showed that sufficient natural genetic variation and heritability exists to attempt genetic biofortification in Brassica. Based on UK dietary surveys, consumption of a single portion of Brassica leaf or floret (e.g. broccoli, cabbage, kale, pak choi) - bred for realistically-achievable Ca and Mg contents - could increase UK intakes to levels greater than the LRNIs (Lower Reference Nutrient Intake) for three (Ca) and five (Mg) million adults. However, at present, genetic loci and individual genes controlling leaf-Ca and Mg are insufficiently resolved to be useful in breeding or to reveal the regulation of genes controlling leaf-Ca and Mg. We have assembled an expert consortium to address this timely opportunity. First, we will resolve candidate loci associated with leaf-Ca and Mg to the gene level. We will exploit our recently-published datasets and new Brassica technologies including gene expression arrays for association analysis (genetical genomics, or eQTL). This work is only now becoming possible because of the emerging crop Brassica genome sequence and new Brassica genetic/genomic resources. We will determine the function of candidate genes in planta using new populations of B. rapa mutants, alongside functional studies of Ca-transporter genes known to have complex effects on leaf-Ca and Mg in Arabidopsis. Public-good pre-breeding pipelines within the consortium will be used to disseminate information. Second, we will develop a modelling framework that defines regulatory gene networks controlling leaf-Ca and Mg in Brassica. We will integrate mineral input and output data, gene activity and allelic variation using state-of-the-art systems-based expertise and resources. We will define genes, alleles, and their regulatory network architecture in the context of increasing industry-use of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) fertiliser. Ca(NO3)2 is a desirable N fertiliser since it improves Brassica crop quality, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves the security of fertiliser transport and storage, since it cannot be used in explosives.

超过10%的英国人口摄入的钙（Ca）或镁（Mg）不足，无法保证足够的健康。镁摄入量特别低，超过40%的英国19-34岁女性。通过作物的遗传（育种）和农艺（肥料）生物强化，可以增加生物可利用的钙和镁的膳食供应。成功的生物强化需要增加可食用作物部分的钙和镁浓度，同时最大限度地减少草酸盐和植酸盐等抗营养素的含量。抗营养素抑制人体肠道中的Ca和Mg摄取。蔬菜芸苔属作物是很好的目标，因为它们具有高的钙和镁的能力，低草酸盐和植酸盐含量，沿着其他健康益处。蔬菜芸苔属植物的定向遗传改良可以对英国和全球饮食中的钙和镁输送产生显著影响。基于先前的进化研究，我们最近首次表明，相对较少的遗传基因座控制叶Ca和Mg浓度（叶Ca和Mg; Broadley MR等人，2008; Plant Physiol.146，1707-20）。我们还表明，存在足够的天然遗传变异和遗传力，以尝试在芸苔属植物中进行遗传生物强化。根据英国的饮食调查，食用一部分芸苔属植物的叶子或小花（例如花椰菜，卷心菜，羽衣甘蓝，小白菜）-为实际可实现的钙和镁含量而培育-可以将英国的摄入量增加到超过LRNI（低参考营养素摄入量）的水平，为300万（钙）和500万（镁）成人。然而，目前，遗传位点和单个基因控制叶钙和镁是不够的解决是有用的育种或揭示基因控制叶钙和镁的调控。我们已经召集了一个专家联合会，以抓住这一及时的机会。首先，我们将解决候选位点与叶钙和镁的基因水平。我们将利用我们最近发表的数据集和新的芸苔属技术，包括基因表达阵列进行关联分析（遗传基因组学，或eQTL）。这项工作现在才成为可能，因为新兴的作物芸苔属基因组序列和新的芸苔属遗传/基因组资源。我们将使用新的B群体确定候选基因在植物中的功能。rapa突变体，旁边的钙转运蛋白基因的功能研究已知有复杂的影响叶钙和镁在拟南芥。将利用联合体内的公益预育种管道传播信息。其次，我们将开发一个建模框架，定义调控基因网络控制叶钙和镁在芸苔属。我们将利用最先进的基于系统的专业知识和资源整合矿物输入和输出数据、基因活性和等位基因变异。我们将定义基因，等位基因，和他们的监管网络架构的背景下，越来越多的行业使用硝酸钙（Ca（NO3）2）肥料。Ca（NO3）2是一种理想的氮肥，因为它提高了芸苔属作物的质量，减少了温室气体排放，并提高了肥料运输和储存的安全性，因为它不能用于炸药。

项目成果

Analysis and visualisation of RDF resources in ondex

ondex中RDF资源分析与可视化

• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: CEUR Workshop Proceedings
• 作者: Canevet C.

Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?

• DOI: 10.1017/s0029665110001588
• 发表时间: 2010-11-01
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Broadley, Martin R.;White, Philip J.
• 通讯作者: White, Philip J.

A hypomethylated population of Brassica rapa for forward and reverse epi-genetics.

• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-193
• 发表时间: 2012-10-20
• 期刊: BMC plant biology
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Amoah S;Kurup S;Rodriguez Lopez CM;Welham SJ;Powers SJ;Hopkins CJ;Wilkinson MJ;King GJ
• 通讯作者: King GJ