CANAL, OTOLITH, AND VISUAL DETERMINANTS OF VOR ADAPTATION IN HUMAN BEINGS

自1970年以来，该实验室一直在研究前庭眼科 反射(VOR)：其行为、潜在的神经生理学和适应性 可塑性。这项建议的重点是进一步探讨 正常人前庭系统的运动学习能力 以便为运动计划提供更坚实的理由 用于前庭疾病患者的康复。 前庭可塑性的三个问题将在正常人中进行研究 研究对象。项目A专注于耳石-眼睛反应(OOR)，他们的 与神经管和视觉刺激的相互作用及其可塑性。多数 自然头部运动包含平移的组成部分以及 旋转；前者必须被耳石检测到。以下是几种方法 评估OOR将会被尝试。一是检查L-眼球震颤：眼睛 由线加速度引起的运动，但要小心控制 关注点，因为补偿反应的大小 翻译取决于观看距离。通过创造一种视觉- 前庭不匹配，就像通过放大镜，我们希望证明 耳石-眼球可塑性。然后，不同的线形和角度图案 运动将被组合(使用偏心旋转)和受试者测试以 看看在一个行为情境中学到的VOR可塑性是否可以被迁移 给另一个人。 项目B解决了VOR线性问题。运河在a以上是非线性的。 一定的头部速度。一方是完全被禁止的，但VOR仍然 保持线性。必须有一个补偿的、中心的(反)非线性 这应该处于自适应控制之下。这一能力将是 调查过了。这一发现可能对老年痴呆症的康复有潜在的作用。 单侧前庭缺失的患者。 项目C研究了人们经常从一个人换一个人的问题 放大到另一个(双焦眼镜、潜水员、低视力辅助设备)。做 他们有两个VOR收益，他们能来回切换吗？ 每一项拟议的实验都与以下问题有关： VOR适应是特定于环境的。任何前庭康复计划 必须考虑在锻炼计划中获得的学习效果如何 转向自然行为。

Since 1970, this laboratory has been investigating the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): its behavior, underlying neurophysiology, and adaptive plasticity. The emphasis in this proposal is to explore further the capabilities for motor learning in the vestibular system of normal human beings in order to provide a firmer rationale for the exercise programs used to rehabilitate patients with vestibular disorders. Three problems in vestibular plasticity will be investigated in normal subjects. Project A concentrates on otolith-ocular responses (OOR), their interaction with canal and visual stimuli, and their plasticity. Most natural head motions contain components of translation as well as rotation; the former must be detected by the otoliths. Several methods to evaluate the OOR will be tried. One is to examine L-nystagmus: the eye movements that result from linear acceleration, but with careful control of the point of regard since the size of the compensatory responses to a translation depends upon viewing distance. By creating a visual- vestibular mismatch, as through magnifying goggles, we hope to demonstrate otolith-ocular plasticity. Then, different patterns of linear and angular motion will be combined (using eccentric rotation) and subjects tested to see if VOR plasticity learned in one behavioral context can be transferred to another. Project B addresses VOR linearity. The canals are nonlinear above a certain head speed. One side is completely inhibited, yet the VOR still remains linear. There must be a compensating, central (anti)nonlinearity that should be under adaptive control. This capability will be investigated. The findings may be of potential use in rehabilitation of patients with unilateral vestibular loss. Project C examines the problem of people who constantly switch from one magnification to another (bifocals, scuba divers, low-vision aids). Do they have two VOR gains and can they switch back and forth? Each of the proposed experiments bears on the issue of the degree to which VOR adaptation is context-specific. Any vestibular rehabilitation program must consider how well the learning acquired in an exercise program transfers to natural behavior.