VULNERABILITY FACTORS AND ADOLESCENT DRINKING

本建议的最高目标是确定 青少年饮酒的脆弱性因素和其他突出的 青少年问题行为 该提案有三个具体目标， 在这项为期两年的四波纵向研究中， 设计 三个具体目标是：（1）确定和评估 青少年脆弱性因素与青少年的功能相关性 酒精使用和非法药物使用的模式，犯罪行为， 酒后驾车、抑郁症状、绝望和自杀 （2）确定因果优先级和时间顺序; 脆弱性因素与内部化模式的关系 外化青少年问题行为;（3）检查交叉- 抑郁情绪与问题饮酒时间关系 青少年，并测试是否有性别差异，在这些 关系。 受试者将包括10日和11日年级的学生谁将 在课堂小组调查，他们的主要照顾者谁将是 通过邮件调查。 本研究将使用两个学区;一个 学区将开始他们的第一次测量一年 比另一个晚。 这种交叉顺序研究设计提供了一个 内置复制样本，将允许评估队列 差异，将增加亚组比较的样本量（例如， COA的），并将扩大学习的年龄范围，以涵盖最后三个 高中的几年。 总样本量约为 1，100名青少年和990名主要照顾者。 脆弱性因素 评估将包括酗酒的家族史（和/或其他 精神疾病），当前父母抑郁和角色压力，主要 青少年生活事件压力源，青少年与同伴冲突的测量 与家庭成员，气质属性，和感知的同龄人， 家庭社会支持。 将进行描述性统计分析 将当前样本数据与区域和国家数据进行比较， 样本，并检查分布特征和双变量 变量之间的关联。 标准统计模型（例如，方差分析， 多元回归，判别函数分析）将用于 调查变量和因果关系之间的横截面相互关系 建模（通过LISREL或EQS）将用于模拟纵向模式， 协变，包括那些侧重于跨性别差异， 问题饮酒与抑郁情绪时间相关性

The superordinate objective of this proposal is to identify the relation of vulnerability factors to adolescent alcohol use and other salient adolescent problem behaviors. The proposal has three specific aims, each embedded within the study's two-year, four-wave longitudinal research design. The three specific aims are: (1) to identify and assess the functional relatedness of adolescent vulnerability factors to adolescent patterns of alcohol use and illicit drug use, delinquent behaviors, drinking and driving, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation/behavior; (2) to determine the causal priority and time-ordered relations of vulnerability factors to patterns of internalizing and externalizing adolescent problem behaviors; and (3) to examine the cross- temporal relationships between depressed affect and problem drinking among adolescents, and to test whether there are gender differences in these relationships. Subjects will consist of 10th and 11th graders who will be surveyed in classroom groups, and their primary caregiver who will be surveyed by mail. Two school districts will be used in this study; one school district will begin their first occasion of measurement one year later than the other. This cross-sequential research design provides a built-in replication sample, will permit the assessment of cohort differences, will increase sample size for subgroup comparisons (e.g., COA's), and will extend the age range of study to cover the final three years of high school. The total sample size will consist of approximately 1,100 adolescents and 990 primary caregivers. Vulnerability factors assessed will include family history of alcoholism (and/or other psychiatric disorders), current parental depression and role stress, major adolescent life event stressors, measures of adolescent conflict with peers and with family members, temperament attributes, and perceived peer and family social support. Descriptive statistical analyses will be conducted to compare data of the current sample with data of regional and national samples, and to examine distributional characteristics and bivariate associations among variables. Standard statistical models (e.g., ANOVA, multiple regression, discriminant function analysis) will be used to investigate cross-sectional interrelations among variables and causal modeling (via LISREL or EQS) will be used to model longitudinal patterns of covariation, including those focused on gender differences in cross- temporal interrelations between problem drinking and depressed affect.