VULNERABILITY FACTORS AND ADOLESCENT DRINKING

这项建议的最高目标是确定 青少年饮酒和其他突出问题的易感因素 青少年问题行为。该提案有三个具体目标，每个目标 嵌入了这项研究的两年四波纵向研究 设计。三个具体目标是：(1)识别和评估 青少年易感因素与青少年的功能相关性 酒精使用和非法药物使用的模式，犯罪行为， 酒后驾车、抑郁症状、绝望和自杀 思维/行为；(2)确定因果关系的优先顺序和时间顺序 易损性因素与内化和内化模式的关系 将青少年的问题行为外化；以及(3)考察青少年问题行为的交叉性。 抑郁情绪与问题饮酒之间的时间关系 青少年，并测试这些青少年是否存在性别差异 两性关系。科目将由10年级和11年级的学生组成，他们将 在课堂小组中接受调查，以及他们的主要照顾者将是 通过邮寄方式进行调查。这项研究将使用两个学区；一个 学区将在一年内开始第一次测量 比另一个晚。这种交叉序贯研究设计提供了一个 内置复制样本，将允许评估队列 差异将增加子组比较的样本大小(例如， )，并将把学习的年龄范围扩大到最后三个 几年的高中生活。总样本量将包括大约 1100名青少年和990名主要照顾者。脆弱性因素 评估将包括酗酒家族史(和/或其他 精神障碍)，目前父母抑郁和角色压力，主要 青少年生活事件压力源、青少年与同龄人冲突的测量 与家庭成员、性情特征和感知的同龄人 家庭社会支持。将进行描述性统计分析 将当前样本的数据与区域和全国的数据进行比较 样本，并检验分布特征和二元变量 变量之间的关联。标准统计模型(例如，方差分析， 多元回归、判别函数分析)将用于 研究变量和因果关系的横截面相互关系 建模(通过LISREL或EQS)将用于对 协变，包括那些集中在杂交中的性别差异 问题饮酒与抑郁情绪之间的时间相关性。

The superordinate objective of this proposal is to identify the relation of vulnerability factors to adolescent alcohol use and other salient adolescent problem behaviors. The proposal has three specific aims, each embedded within the study's two-year, four-wave longitudinal research design. The three specific aims are: (1) to identify and assess the functional relatedness of adolescent vulnerability factors to adolescent patterns of alcohol use and illicit drug use, delinquent behaviors, drinking and driving, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation/behavior; (2) to determine the causal priority and time-ordered relations of vulnerability factors to patterns of internalizing and externalizing adolescent problem behaviors; and (3) to examine the cross- temporal relationships between depressed affect and problem drinking among adolescents, and to test whether there are gender differences in these relationships. Subjects will consist of 10th and 11th graders who will be surveyed in classroom groups, and their primary caregiver who will be surveyed by mail. Two school districts will be used in this study; one school district will begin their first occasion of measurement one year later than the other. This cross-sequential research design provides a built-in replication sample, will permit the assessment of cohort differences, will increase sample size for subgroup comparisons (e.g., COA's), and will extend the age range of study to cover the final three years of high school. The total sample size will consist of approximately 1,100 adolescents and 990 primary caregivers. Vulnerability factors assessed will include family history of alcoholism (and/or other psychiatric disorders), current parental depression and role stress, major adolescent life event stressors, measures of adolescent conflict with peers and with family members, temperament attributes, and perceived peer and family social support. Descriptive statistical analyses will be conducted to compare data of the current sample with data of regional and national samples, and to examine distributional characteristics and bivariate associations among variables. Standard statistical models (e.g., ANOVA, multiple regression, discriminant function analysis) will be used to investigate cross-sectional interrelations among variables and causal modeling (via LISREL or EQS) will be used to model longitudinal patterns of covariation, including those focused on gender differences in cross- temporal interrelations between problem drinking and depressed affect.