ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND INTERHEMISPHERIC RELATIONS

酒精、尼古丁和大脑半球之间的关系

• 批准号: 2044594
• 负责人: ERAN ZAIDEL
• 金额: $ 7.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-08-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2044594
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; cognition; corpus callosums; handedness; human subject; interhemispheric transfer; learning transfer; male; psychotropic drugs; sensory discrimination; sensory mechanism; split brain; university student

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This project will evaluate the acute effects of the common psychoactive drugs alcohol and nicotine on hemispheric functions and interhemispheric communication. Do alcohol or nicotine selectively enhance or depress function-specific modules within one or the other hemisphere in normal subjects? Do these drugs modulate the connectivity of specific communication or control channels in the corpus callosum? Effects of drugs on hemispheric functions will be assessed by tasks that can be performed independently in either hemisphere. Effects of drugs on interhemispheric communication will be assessed by tasks that require callosal transfer of sensory and control information. Comparison between the effects of the drugs in split-brain patients and normal subjects will further help separate drug effects on hemispheric functions from effects on cross- callosal transfer. Five types of interhemispheric transfer tasks will be used. 1) Motor transfer; 2) Sensory visual transfer of color, orientation, and shape; 3) Sensory auditory transfer; 4) Semantic transfer; and 5) Transfer of inhibition from one hemisphere to the other. Within-hemifield presentations of these tests provide measures of hemispheric competence. Together, these tasks tap visual and auditory, linguistic and nonlinguistic, right and left hemisphere functions. The findings will help clarify the acute effects of alcohol and nicotine on brain and normal cognitive functions. The data on modulation of hemispheric function and interhemispheric interaction may have clinical implications for functional recovery following localized lesions.Results will also have theoretical cognitive neuropsychological implications for our understanding of modular organization and intermodular communication in the brain.

申请人摘要：本项目将评估 常见的精神药物酒精和尼古丁对大脑半球功能的影响， 大脑半球间的交流 酒精或尼古丁是否会选择性地增强 或按压一个或另一个半球内的特定功能模块， 正常人吗 这些药物是否调节了特定的 胼胝体中的沟通或控制通道？药物的影响 大脑半球功能的影响将通过可以执行的任务来评估， 在两个半球中独立存在。 药物对纵裂的影响 沟通将通过需要胼胝体转移的任务进行评估。 感觉和控制信息。 的影响之间的比较 裂脑患者和正常受试者的药物将进一步提供帮助 将药物对半球功能的影响与对交叉功能的影响分开， 胼胝体转移 五种类型的大脑半球间转移任务将 采用 1)运动转移; 2）颜色、方向、 3）感觉听觉传递; 4）语义传递; 5） 抑制从一侧半球转移到另一侧半球。半野内 这些测试的呈现提供了半球能力的测量。 总之，这些任务利用视觉和听觉，语言和 非语言的左右半球功能 这些发现将有助于澄清酒精和尼古丁对人的急性影响。 大脑和正常的认知功能。 调制数据 半球功能和半球间相互作用可能具有临床意义 局部损伤后功能恢复的影响。结果 也会对认知神经心理学产生理论上的影响， 我们对模块化组织和模块间交流的理解 在大脑中。