ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND INTERHEMISPHERIC RELATIONS

申请者摘要：本项目将评估 常见精神活性药物酒精和尼古丁对大脑半球功能和 大脑半球间的交流。酒精或尼古丁是否会选择性地增强 或按下其中一个半球内的特定功能模块 正常的受试者？这些药物是否调节特定的连接性 穹隆体内的沟通或控制渠道？药物的作用 将通过可执行的任务来评估大脑半球的功能 在任何一个半球都是独立的。药物对大脑半球间的影响 沟通评估将通过需要进行膝盖骨转移的任务进行 感觉和控制信息。这两种方法的效果比较 对脑分裂患者和正常受试者的药物将进一步帮助 将药物对大脑半球功能的影响与对交叉反应的影响分开 骨痂移位。五种类型的跨半球转移任务将是 使用。1)运动传递；2)颜色、方位、 和形状；3)感觉听觉迁移；4)语义迁移；5) 抑制从一个半球转移到另一个半球。半视野内 这些测试的介绍提供了半球能力的测量。 这些任务一起利用视觉和听觉、语言和 非语言功能，左右半球功能。 这些发现将有助于阐明酒精和尼古丁对人体的急性影响。 大脑和正常的认知功能。关于调制的数据 大脑半球功能和大脑半球间相互作用可能具有临床意义 局限性损伤后功能恢复的影响：结果 也将在理论上对认知神经心理学产生影响 我们对模块化组织和模块间沟通的理解 在大脑里。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This project will evaluate the acute effects of the common psychoactive drugs alcohol and nicotine on hemispheric functions and interhemispheric communication. Do alcohol or nicotine selectively enhance or depress function-specific modules within one or the other hemisphere in normal subjects? Do these drugs modulate the connectivity of specific communication or control channels in the corpus callosum? Effects of drugs on hemispheric functions will be assessed by tasks that can be performed independently in either hemisphere. Effects of drugs on interhemispheric communication will be assessed by tasks that require callosal transfer of sensory and control information. Comparison between the effects of the drugs in split-brain patients and normal subjects will further help separate drug effects on hemispheric functions from effects on cross- callosal transfer. Five types of interhemispheric transfer tasks will be used. 1) Motor transfer; 2) Sensory visual transfer of color, orientation, and shape; 3) Sensory auditory transfer; 4) Semantic transfer; and 5) Transfer of inhibition from one hemisphere to the other. Within-hemifield presentations of these tests provide measures of hemispheric competence. Together, these tasks tap visual and auditory, linguistic and nonlinguistic, right and left hemisphere functions. The findings will help clarify the acute effects of alcohol and nicotine on brain and normal cognitive functions. The data on modulation of hemispheric function and interhemispheric interaction may have clinical implications for functional recovery following localized lesions.Results will also have theoretical cognitive neuropsychological implications for our understanding of modular organization and intermodular communication in the brain.