Increased Propionate Production In The Colon Is Associated With Reduced Appetite Body Weight And Improved Insulin Sensitivity

结肠中丙酸产量的增加与食欲体重减轻和胰岛素敏感性提高有关

• 批准号: BB/H004971/1
• 负责人: Gary Frost
• 金额: $ 70.19万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH004971%2F1
• 关键词: Increased; Propionate; Production; Colon; Associated

Obesity is the greatest public health challenge facing most developed and many developing countries. Obesity is directly related to increased mortality, causing 600 premature deaths in the UK per week. In the current obesity epidemic, using therapeutic foodstuff to tackle obesity is potentially a would be economically viable for industrial partners. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies link the decline in consumption of non digestible carbohydrates (NDC) to the rise in obesity. NDCs are not broken down in the small intestine, but can be fermented by bacteria in the colon, part of the large intestine. Previous studies and our own pilot data shows that increasing the NDC in the diet of animals and humans reduces appetite and body weight and increase insulin sensitivity. Unfortunately, the high doses required to produce these effects are unpalatable and result in side effects, limiting the use of NDC supplements as a treatment for obesity or diabetes. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are molecules produced by the fermentation of NDC in the colon and are responsible for the biological effects of NDC. Recently, a receptor has been found that binds SCFAs, and in particular the SCFA propionate. This receptor is found on cells in the large bowel where it stimulates the release appetite-inhibiting hormones, and on fat cells where it acts to decrease the release of free fatty acids. Reducing free fatty acid levels within the body increases the sensitivity of the body to insulin and thus reduces the effect of insulin resistance which is present in type 2 diabetes. Until now, controlling the production of propionate in the colon has been impossible. Both the type of NDC ingested and the gut microbiota of an individual dictate the levels and types of SCFA produced in the colon. Recently, we have developed a novel molecule in which propionate is bound to a carrier molecule. The chemical bond that links proprionate to its carrier molecule cannot be broken down in most parts of the gut. However, in the colon, this chemical bond is broken by the bacteria present there, delivering specific amounts of propionate to the colon. We have shown that supplementing the diet of rats with this proprionate carrier molecule reduces their body weight compared to controls, and that in humans it reduces hunger and food intake. This study will determine the effect of 24 weeks diet supplementation with this propionate carrier molecule on appetite, body weight and insulin sensitivity in obese volunteers. We will test the hypothesis that supplementing the diet with propionate carrier molecule will reduce appetite through gut hormone release and improve insulin sensitivity by reducing the concentration of free fatty acids in circulation. Industry will have an important role in developing products which produce propionate in the colon to reduce appetite and improve insulin sensitivity. In collaboration with Leatherhead Food International we will design foods which can be used to supplement the diet of the general population with proprionate carrier. Demonstrating the link between colonic propionate production and appetite regulation has significant implications for public health given current trends in obesity rates. However, if colonic production of propionate increases satiety, then simply adding any NDC may not be sufficient to increase propionate production to a significant level to impact on satiety. This study will determine if colonic propionate leads to a reduction in appetite and body weight and cause beneficial metabolic change, and will demonstrate proof of principle for using NDC esters to deliver SCFAs to the large intestine. These data will therefore provide valuable information for future studies investigating the effects of SCFAs on appetite regulation and insulin sensitivity. Industry will play an important role in developing products which produce propionate in the colon to reduce appetite and improve insulin sensitivity.

肥胖是大多数发达国家和许多发展中国家面临的最大公共卫生挑战。肥胖与死亡率增加直接相关，在英国每周造成600人过早死亡。在当前肥胖流行的情况下，使用治疗性食品来解决肥胖问题对于工业合作伙伴来说可能是经济上可行的。最近的流行病学和实验研究将非消化性碳水化合物（NDC）消费量的下降与肥胖率的上升联系起来。NDC不会在小肠中分解，但可以在大肠的一部分结肠中被细菌发酵。以前的研究和我们自己的试点数据表明，在动物和人类的饮食中增加NDC会降低食欲和体重，并增加胰岛素敏感性。不幸的是，产生这些效果所需的高剂量是令人不快的，并导致副作用，限制了NDC补充剂作为肥胖或糖尿病治疗的用途。短链脂肪酸（SCFA）是NDC在结肠中发酵产生的分子，负责NDC的生物学效应。最近，已发现结合SCFA，特别是SCFA丙酸酯的受体。这种受体存在于大肠细胞上，在那里它刺激食欲抑制激素的释放，在脂肪细胞上它起作用以减少游离脂肪酸的释放。降低体内游离脂肪酸水平会增加身体对胰岛素的敏感性，从而降低2型糖尿病中存在的胰岛素抵抗的影响。到目前为止，控制结肠中丙酸盐的产生是不可能的。摄入的NDC类型和个体的肠道微生物群决定了结肠中产生的SCFA的水平和类型。最近，我们开发了一种新的分子，其中丙酸结合到载体分子。连接丙酸盐和其载体分子的化学键在肠道的大部分地方都不能被分解。然而，在结肠中，这种化学键被存在于那里的细菌破坏，将特定量的丙酸盐输送到结肠。我们已经证明，与对照组相比，用这种丙酸盐载体分子补充大鼠的饮食会降低其体重，并且在人类中，它会减少饥饿和食物摄入。这项研究将确定24周的饮食补充这种丙酸载体分子对肥胖志愿者的食欲，体重和胰岛素敏感性的影响。我们将检验以下假设：在饮食中补充丙酸盐载体分子将通过肠道激素释放降低食欲，并通过降低循环中游离脂肪酸的浓度来改善胰岛素敏感性。工业界将在开发在结肠中产生丙酸盐以减少食欲和改善胰岛素敏感性的产品方面发挥重要作用。在与莱瑟黑德食品国际合作，我们将设计食品，可用于补充饮食的一般人群与丙酸载体。鉴于目前肥胖率的趋势，证明结肠丙酸盐产生和食欲调节之间的联系对公共卫生具有重要意义。然而，如果丙酸盐的结肠产生增加饱腹感，那么简单地添加任何NDC可能不足以将丙酸盐产生增加到显著水平以影响饱腹感。这项研究将确定结肠丙酸盐是否会导致食欲和体重下降，并引起有益的代谢变化，并将证明使用NDC酯将SCFA递送到大肠的原理。因此，这些数据将为未来研究SCFAs对食欲调节和胰岛素敏感性的影响提供有价值的信息。工业界将在开发在结肠中产生丙酸盐以减少食欲和改善胰岛素敏感性的产品方面发挥重要作用。

项目成果

Increased colonic propionate reduces anticipatory reward responses in the human striatum to high-energy foods.

• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.126706
• 发表时间: 2016-07
• 期刊: The American journal of clinical nutrition
• 作者: Byrne CS;Chambers ES;Alhabeeb H;Chhina N;Morrison DJ;Preston T;Tedford C;Fitzpatrick J;Irani C;Busza A;Garcia-Perez I;Fountana S;Holmes E;Goldstone AP;Frost GS
• 通讯作者: Frost GS

A study protocol for a randomised crossover study evaluating the effect of diets differing in carbohydrate quality on ileal content and appetite regulation in healthy humans.

• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17870.2
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: F1000Research
• 作者: Byrne, Claire S;Blunt, Dominic;Frost, Gary
• 通讯作者: Frost, Gary

Differential effects of two fermentable carbohydrates on central appetite regulation and body composition.

两种可发酵碳水化合物对中央食欲调节和身体组成的差异影响。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043263
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Arora T;Loo RL;Anastasovska J;Gibson GR;Tuohy KM;Sharma RK;Swann JR;Deaville ER;Sleeth ML;Thomas EL;Holmes E;Bell JD;Frost G
• 通讯作者: Frost G

The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.

• DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.84
• 发表时间: 2015-09
• 期刊: International journal of obesity (2005)
• 作者: Byrne CS;Chambers ES;Morrison DJ;Frost G
• 通讯作者: Frost G

Effects of elevating colonic propionate on liver fat content in overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study

提高结肠丙酸对患有非酒精性脂肪肝病的超重成人肝脏脂肪含量的影响：一项初步研究

• DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000452
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Chambers E