EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RISK FACTOR CHANGE

这项流行病学研究将检查行为和 已知与死亡率和发病率有关的社会风险因素 心血管疾病癌症和其他原因。 虽然很多 关于这些危险因素与疾病之间的关系， 结果，很少有人知道有关的特点， 这些风险因素的变化。 更不用说， 与不同年龄的危险因素变化相关的特征。 如果我们要了解风险的大多数变化， 独立于正式干预措施而发生的因素水平以及 在许多疾病的发病率中可以看到惊人的长期趋势。 这些问题将使用两组被选中的个人进行研究， 加州阿拉米达县的代表，1965年（n=6928）和1974年 （n=3118）。 两个队列都收到了类似的问卷， 报告了各种行为，人口统计，社会和心理 话题 因此，两个单独队列的信息相同 在时间上九年。 1965年的队列也在1974年接受了采访。 这 这些信息将使我们能够前瞻性地检查变化的原因， 行为和社会风险因素，如吸烟，酗酒， 消费、相对体重、身体活动和社会网络 参与的 此外，我们还可以比较 在队列中前瞻性观察到的， 代表同一时间的群体。 这种比较将有助于澄清 年龄、测量时间和出生队列对危险因素水平的影响 以及风险因素的变化。 特别是年龄和 1965年和1974年队列中的性别特异性风险因素水平，沿着 一个队列中1965-1974年变化的前瞻性信息， 将使我们能够研究年龄和性别的具体影响，主要公众 1965年至1974年间的健康干预。 这些任务将通过基于以下两个方面的前瞻性分析来完成： 被选为代表城市县的队列，跨越一个时期， 其中一些风险因素的水平发生了很大变化。 这项研究将在阿拉米达县进行， 这项研究已经对流行病学做出了很大贡献， 初级预防的基础。

This epidemiologic study will examine the natural history of behavioral and social risk factors known to be associated with mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes. Although much is known concerning the association between these risk factors and disease outcomes, little is known concerning the characteristics associated with changes in these risk factors. Even less is known concerning the characteristics associated with change in risk factors at different ages. Such information is critical if we are to understand most changes in risk factor levels which occur independently of formal interventions and the striking secular trends seen in the rates of many diseases. These issues will be studied using two cohorts of individuals chosen to be representative of Alameda County, California, in 1965 (n=6928) and 1974 (n=3118). Both cohorts received similar questionnaires in which they reported on a variety of behavioral, demographic, social, and psychological topics. Thus identical information is available for two cohorts separated in time by nine years. The 1965 cohort was also interviewed in 1974. This information will allow us to prospectively examine the reasons for change in behavioral and social risk factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, relative weight, physical activity, and social network participation. In addition, we will be able to compare the changes prospectively observed within a cohort with those observed between two cohorts representing the same time. Such comparisons will help to clarify age, time of measurement, and birth cohort effects on risk factor levels and changes in risk factors. In particular, comparison of age and sex-specific risk factor levels in the 1965 and 1974 cohorts, along with the prospective information on changes between 1965-1974 within a cohort, will enable us to examine the age and sex-specific impact of major public health interventions between 1965 and 1974. These tasks will be accomplished using prospective analyses based on two cohorts chosen to be representative of an urban county, spanning a period in which there have been large changes in the levels of some risk factors. This will be carried out within the Alameda County Study, a 26-year-old investigation which has already contributed much to the epidemiologic foundations of primary prevention.